Ambient temperature superionic conducting salt and process for making ambient temperature superionic conducting salt

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016372786-A1
Application number	US-201615172641-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jun 3, 2016
Priority date	Jun 16, 2015
Publication date	Dec 22, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A process for making a superionic conducting salt includes: combining a primary salt and an impact member, the primary salt including an ordered phase and being an ionic conductor; impacting the primary salt with the impact member; and converting the primary salt to the superionic conducting salt in response to impacting the primary salt with the impact member at a conversion temperature to make the superionic conducting salt, the conversion temperature optionally being less than a thermally activated transition temperature that thermally converts the primary salt to the superionic conducting salt in an absence of the impacting the primary salt, and the superionic conducting salt including a superionic conductive phase in a solid state at less than the thermally activated transition temperature.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A superionic conducting salt comprising:
a plurality of salt cations; a plurality of salt anions; and a superionic conductive phase that is present in a solid state at ambient temperature, the superionic conducting salt being a mechanical milling product of a primary salt or a drying product of a drying composition comprising the primary salt.

2 . The superionic conducting salt of claim 1 , wherein that salt cations comprise: a cation of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a rare earth metal, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing metals.

3 . The superionic conducting salt of claim 2 , wherein the salt anions comprise:
a closo-borate anion of formula B n H (n-z) R z 2− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 10; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a closo-carborate anion of formula CB n H (n+1)-z R z 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 9; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a closo-dicarborate anion of formula C 2 B n H (n+3)-z R z 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 9; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a carborate anion of formula CB n H (n+3)-z R z 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 9; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a borate of formula B 11 H (14-z) R z −1 , wherein z is an integer from 0 to 11; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a closo-ammonioborate anion of formula ((R′R″R′″)NB n Z n-1 ) 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 10, N is bonded to B; and R′, R″, R′″, and Z independently comprise a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing salt anions.

4 . The superionic conducting salt of claim 3 , wherein the salt anions comprise:
a plurality of first salt anions; and a plurality of second salt anions.

5 . A battery comprising:
an electrolyte composition comprising:
a superionic conducting salt that comprises:
a plurality of salt cations;
a plurality of salt anions; and
a superionic conductive phase that is present in a solid state at ambient temperature; and

optionally, a binder in which the superionic conducting salt is disposed;
a first electrode; and a second electrode separated from the first electrode by interposition of the electrolyte composition.

6 . The battery of claim 5 , wherein that salt cations comprise: a cation of an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, a rare earth metal, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing metals.

7 . The battery of claim 6 , wherein the salt anions comprise:
a closo-borate anion of formula B n H (n-z) R z 2− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 10; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a closo-carborate anion of formula CB n H (n+1)-z R z 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 9; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a closo-dicarborate anion of formula C 2 B n H (n+3)-z R z 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 9; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a carborate anion of formula CB n H (n+3)-z R z 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 9; z is an integer from 0 to n; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a borate of the formula B 11 H (14-z) R z −1 , wherein z is an integer from 0 to 11; and each R independently comprises a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; a closo-ammonioborate anion of formula ((R′R″R′″)NB n Z n-1 ) 1− , wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 10; N is bonded to B; and R′, R″, R′″; and Z independently comprise a hydrogen, a hydrocarbon substituent, a halogenated-hydrocarbon substituent, a halogen, an amine, a cyano, a hydroxyl, a thiol, a carbonyl, a carboxylate, a carboxylic acid, an epoxide, an ester, an amide, an ether, or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing groups; or a combination comprising at least one of the foregoing salt anions.

8 . The battery of claim 7 , wherein the salt anions comprise:
a plurality of first salt anions; and a plurality of second salt anions.

9 . A process for making a superionic conducting salt, the process comprising:
combining a primary salt and an impact member, the primary salt comprising an ordered phase and being an ionic conductor; impacting the primary salt with the impact member; and converting the primary salt to the superionic conducting salt in response to impacting the primary salt with the impact member at a conversion temperature to make the superionic conducting salt, the conversion temperature optionally being less than a thermally activated transition temperature that therm

Assignees

• Nat Inst Of Standards & Tech

Inventors

• Udovic Iv Terrence J

Classifications

• C01B35/026

  Higher boron hydrides, i.e. containing at least three boron atoms · CPC title

• H01M10/0562 Primary

  Solid materials · CPC title

• H01M10/054

  Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium · CPC title

• H01M2300/0091

  in the form of mixtures · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title