Lithium metal battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016336625-A1
Application number	US-201615152792-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	May 12, 2016
Priority date	May 15, 2015
Publication date	Nov 17, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A lithium metal battery includes: a positive electrode, a negative electrode including lithium, a liquid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and a protective layer disposed on at least a portion of the negative electrode, wherein the protective layer includes a first polymer selected from at least one of a poly(vinyl alcohol) and a poly(vinyl alcohol) blend.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A lithium metal battery comprising:
a positive electrode; a negative electrode comprising lithium; a liquid electrolyte disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and a protective layer disposed on at least a portion of the negative electrode, wherein the protective layer comprises a first polymer selected from at least one of a poly(vinyl alcohol) and a poly(vinyl alcohol) blend.

2 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein a tensile modulus of the protective layer is greater than or equal to about 10.0 megapascals at a temperature of 25°.

3 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein an elongation of the protective layer is greater than or equal to about 50% at a temperature of 25°.

4 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein a peel strength of the protective layer is greater than or equal to about 5.0 megapascals at a temperature of 25°.

5 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein an ion conductivity of the protective layer is greater than or equal to about 1×10 −5 Siemens per centimeter at a temperature of 25° C.

6 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein a weight-average molecular weight of the first polymer is greater than or equal to about 30,000 Daltons.

7 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein a saponification value of the first polymer is greater than or equal to about 85 mole percent.

8 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein a glass transition temperature of the first polymer is in a range of about 40° n to about 80° t.

9 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein the poly(vinyl alcohol) blend comprises a poly(vinyl alcohol) and a second polymer, and the second polymer is at least one selected from an acryl resin, a methacryl resin, and poly(acrylonitrile).

10 . The lithium metal battery of claim 9 , wherein the second polymer is at least one selected from poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(methyl acrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(ethyl acrylate), poly(propyl methacrylate), poly(propyl acrylate), poly(butyl acrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), poly(pentyl methacrylate), poly(pentyl acrylate), poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate), poly(cyclohexyl acrylate), poly(hexyl methacrylate), poly(hexyl acrylate), poly(glycidyl acrylate), poly(glycidyl methacrylate), and poly(acrylonitrile).

11 . The lithium metal battery of claim 9 , wherein an amount of the second polymer in the poly(vinyl alcohol) blend is in a range of about 10 parts by weight to about 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first polymer.

12 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer further comprises a lithium salt.

13 . The lithium metal battery of claim 12 , wherein an amount of the lithium salt in the protective layer is in a range of about 30 parts by weight to about 200 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first polymer.

14 . The lithium metal battery of claim 12 , wherein the lithium salt is at least one selected from LiSCN, LiN(CN) 2 , LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiPF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li(CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C, LiN(SO 2 F) 2 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN(SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiSbF 6 , LiPF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 , LiPF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 , LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 LiCl, and LiI.

15 . The lithium metal battery of claim 12 , wherein the protective layer has an amorphous structure.

16 . The lithium metal battery of claim 12 , wherein the protective layer has peaks at diffraction angles 2-theta of about 12.5° to about 27.5° with a full width at half maximum of about 3° to about 7° as measured by X-ray diffraction analysis.

17 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein an elongation of the protective layer is about 100% or more at a temperature of 25° t.

18 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer further comprises a lithium salt and has an elongation of at least 200% at a temperature of 25° 5.

19 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein the protective layer further comprises at least one selected from an inorganic particle, an ionic liquid, a polymer ionic liquid, and an oligomer.

20 . The lithium metal battery of claim 19 , wherein the inorganic particle comprises at least one selected from SiO 2 , TiO 2 , ZnO, Al 2 O 3 , BaTiO 3 , a graphene oxide, a graphite oxide, a carbon nanotube, Fe 2 O 3 , CuO, a cage-structured silsesquioxane, and a metal-organic framework.

21 . The lithium metal battery of claim 19 , wherein the ionic liquid comprises a compound comprising at least one cation and at least one anion,
wherein the at least one cation is selected from an ammonium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, a pyridinium cation, a pyrimidinium cation, an imidazolium cation, a piperidinium cation, a pyrazolium cation, an oxazolium cation, a pyridazinium cation, a phosphonium cation, a sulfonium cation, and a triazolium cation; and wherein the at least one anion is selected from BF 4 − , PF 6 − , AsF 6 − , SbF 6 − , AlCl 4 − , HSO 4 − , ClO 4 − , CH 3 SO 3 − , CF 3 CO 2 − , Cl − , Br − , I − , BF 4 − , SO 4 2− , CF 3 SO 3 − , (FSO 2 ) 2 N − , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N − , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )(CF 3 SO 2 )N − , and (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N − .

22 . The lithium metal battery of claim 19 , wherein the oligomer is at least one selected from poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether and poly(ethylene glycol) diethyl ether.

23 . The lithium metal battery of claim 19 , wherein the polymer ionic liquid comprises a repeating unit comprising at least one cation and at least one anion,
wherein the at least one cation is selected from an ammonium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation, a pyridinium cation, a pyrimidinium cation, an imidazolium cation, a piperidinium cation, a pyrazolium cation, an oxazolium cation, a pyridazinium cation, a phosphonium cation, a sulfonium cation, and a triazolium cation; and wherein the at least one anion is selected from BF 4 − , PF 6 − , ASF 6 − , SbF 6 − , AlCl 4 − , HSO 4 − , ClO 4 − , CH 3 SO 3 − , CF 3 CO 2 − , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N − , (FSO 2 ) 2 N − , Cl − , Br − , I − , SO 4 2− , CF 3 SO 3 − , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 N − , (C 2 F 5 SO 2 )(CF 3 SO 2 )N − , NO 3 − , Al 2 Cl 7 − , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C − , (CF 3 ) 2 PF 4 − , (CF 3 ) 3 PF 3 − , (CF 3 ) 4 PF 2 − , (CF 3 ) 5 PF − , (CF 3 ) 6 P − , SF 5 CF 2 SO 3 − , SF 5 CHFCF 2 SO 3 − , CF 3 CF 2 (CF 3 ) 2 CO − , (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 CH − , (SF 5 ) 3 C − , and (O(CF 3 ) 2 C 2 (CF 3 ) 2 PO—.

24 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the protective layer is in a range of about 1 micrometer to about 20 micrometers.

25 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein an operating potential of the lithium metal battery is at least about 4.0 volts.

26 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises an electrolyte selected from at least one of a solid electrolyte, a gel electrolyte, and a polymer ionic liquid.

27 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises at least one selected from an organic solvent, an ionic liquid, and a lithium salt.

28 . The lithium metal battery of claim 1 , wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises at least one selected from ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, dimethoxyethane, diethoxye

Assignees

• Samsung Electronics Co Ltd

Inventors

• Jeong Joonseon
• Yang Yooseong
• Kang Hyorang

Classifications

• H01M4/131

  Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01M4/0402

  Methods of deposition of the material · CPC title

• H01M2300/0037

  Mixture of solvents · CPC title

• H01M2004/028

  Positive electrodes · CPC title