Housing for Multiple Fuel Cell Stacks

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016315344-A1
Application number	US-201615091842-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Apr 6, 2016
Priority date	Apr 21, 2015
Publication date	Oct 27, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for arranging processing units in a common volume to allow for processing of a fluid flow as part of a mass and/or heat transfer process. Fuel cells are examples of processing units that include separate flow paths for processing two input fluid flows with mass and/or heat transfer between the separate flow paths. The arrangements described herein can allow a gas phase fluid flow to be delivered to a first process flow path of processing units in a common volume. The gas phase fluid flow can be delivered in a relatively uniform manner without the use of an intervening manifold to distribute gas from the common volume into the processing units.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A method for processing a gas in a plurality of fuel cells, comprising:
passing a gas from a conduit into a transition region, the transition region having an expansion half-angle of about 15° to about 80°, the transition region being in fluid communication with the conduit and in fluid communication with a common volume, a width of the transition region at an interface with the common volume being at least about 25% of a width of the common volume; introducing at least a portion of the gas from the transition region into the common volume, the common volume containing a plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprising a plurality of fuel cells, the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprising at least about 20 fuel cell stacks, the plurality of fuel cell stacks being arranged to have a row to column ratio (R/C) of about 0.2 to about 5.0; and operating the plurality of fuel cell stacks to process at least a portion of the introduced gas in process flow paths of the plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks having a process flow path inlet pressure, a coefficient of variation for the flow path inlet pressures of the plurality of fuel cell stacks being less than about 8.0%; wherein the at least a portion of introduced gas that is processed in the process flow paths of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is passed from the common volume into the plurality of fuel cell stacks without passing through an intervening manifold.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the coefficient of variation for the flow path inlet pressures of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is less than about 6.0%, or less than about 5.0%

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of coefficient of variation at the expansion half-angle to a coefficient of variation at a minimum half angle is about 2.0 or less, or about 1.8 or less, or about 1.6 or less.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the process flow paths of the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprise fuel cell cathodes.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprise a plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the introduced gas comprises a CO 2 -containing gas.

7 . The method of claim 6 , wherein substantially all of the introduced CO 2 -containing gas is processed in the cathodes of the plurality of fuel cell stacks.

8 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the CO 2 -containing gas comprises an exhaust gas from a combustion source.

9 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the CO 2 -containing gas in the conduit has a velocity of at least about 10.0 m/s, or at least about 15.0 m/s, or at least about 20.0 m/s.

10 . The method of claim 6 , wherein the CO 2 -containing gas in the common volume has a superficial velocity of about 5.0 m/s or less, or about 3.0 m/s or less, or about 2.0 m/s or less.

11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the width of the transition region at the interface with the common volume is at least about 50% of the width of the common volume, or at least about 70%, or at least about 80%, or at least about 90%, or at least about 99%.

12 . A method for processing a gas in a plurality of fuel cells, comprising:
passing a gas from a conduit into a transition region, the transition region having an expansion half-angle of about 15° to about 80°, the transition region being in fluid communication with the conduit and in fluid communication with a common volume, a width of the transition region at an interface with the common volume being at least about 25% of a width of the common volume, the interface of the transition region with the common volume being at a side surface of the common volume; introducing at least a portion of the gas from the transition region into the common volume, the common volume containing a plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprising a plurality of fuel cells, the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprising at least about 8 fuel cell stacks, the plurality of fuel cell stacks being arranged to have a row to column ratio (R/C) of about 0.2 to about 5.0; and operating the plurality of fuel cell stacks to process at least a portion of the introduced gas in process flow paths of the plurality of fuel cell stacks, each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks having a process flow path inlet pressure, a coefficient of variation for the flow path inlet pressures of the plurality of fuel cell stacks being less than about 8.0%; wherein the at least a portion of introduced gas that is processed in the process flow paths of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is passed from the common volume into the plurality of fuel cell stacks without passing through an intervening manifold.

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a) the process flow paths of the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprise fuel cell cathodes, b) the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprise a plurality of molten carbonate fuel cells, c) the introduced gas comprises a CO 2 -containing gas, d) substantially all of the introduced gas is processed in the process flow paths of the plurality of fuel cell stacks, e) a combination of two or more of a)-d), or f) a combination of all of a)-d).

14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fuel cell stacks are arranged to have at least two rows of fuel cell stacks, or at least three rows of fuel cell stacks, or at least four rows of fuel cell stacks.

15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprise at least about 25 fuel cell stacks, or at least about 35 fuel cell stacks, or at least about 45 fuel cell stacks.

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the row to column ratio is about 0.5 to about 2.0.

17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the expansion half-angle of the transition region is about 30° to about 70°.

18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the width of the transition region at the interface with the common volume is at least about 50% of the width of the common volume, or at least about 70%, or at least about 80%, or at least about 90%, or at least about 99%.

19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein an average direction of gas flow in the cathodes of the plurality of fuel cell stacks is substantially aligned with an average direction of gas flow in the common volume.

20 . A system for processing a gas in a plurality of fuel cells, comprising:
at least one conduit for delivering a gas; a transition region in fluid communication with the at least one conduit, the transition region having an expansion half-angle of about 15° to about 80°; a common volume in fluid communication with the transition region, a width of the transition region at an interface with the common volume being at least about 25% of a width of the common volume; a plurality of fuel cell stacks arranged within the common volume, the fuel cell stacks being in fluid communication with the common volume without an intervening manifold, the plurality of fuel cell stacks being arranged to have a row to column ratio (R/C) of about 0.2 to about 5.0, each of the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprising a plurality of fuel cells, the plurality of fuel cell stacks comprising a) at least about 20 fuel cell stacks, or b) at least about 8 fuel cell stacks, the interface of the transition region with the common volume being at a side surface of the common volume; a plurality of anode flow conduits for delivering anode input streams to anodes of the plurality of fuel c

Assignees

• Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co

Inventors

• Hershkowitz Frank
• Barckholtz Timothy A
• Berlowitz Paul J
• Das Sandipan K
• Badgwell Thomas A

Classifications

• H01M8/04201

  Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes · CPC title

• H01M8/2484

  characterised by external manifolds · CPC title

• H01M8/2475 Primary

  Enclosures, casings or containers of fuel cell stacks · CPC title

• H01M8/249

  comprising two or more groupings of fuel cells, e.g. modular assemblies · CPC title

• H01M8/2465 Primary

  Details of groupings of fuel cells · CPC title