Apparatuses, systems and methods for three-dimensional printing

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016297006-A1
Application number	US-201615188885-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jun 21, 2016
Priority date	Jun 20, 2014
Publication date	Oct 13, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) objects, 3D printing processes, as well as methods, apparatuses and systems for the production of a 3D object. Methods, apparatuses and systems of the present disclosure may reduce or eliminate the need for auxiliary supports. The present disclosure provides three dimensional (3D) objects printed utilizing the printing processes, methods, apparatuses and systems described herein.

First claim

1 . A method for generating a three-dimensional object, comprising:
(a) providing a powder bed that comprises individual particles formed of a material selected from the group consisting of an elemental metal, metal alloy, ceramic, and an allotrope of elemental carbon; (b) transforming a portion of the powder bed into a transformed material, wherein a remainder of the powder bed that does not transform into the transformed material is at an average temperature of at most about 400 degrees Celsius while the portion of the powder bed is transformed into the transformed material; and (c) hardening the transformed material to form a hardened material as part of the three-dimensional object, wherein the three-dimensional object (i) comprises a plurality of layers of hardened material and (ii) is suspended anchorlessly in the powder bed during formation.

2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the individual particles are formed of the elemental metal or metal alloy.

3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein upon formation of the hardened material, the powder bed comprises individual particles that are flowable.

4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder bed is disposed within an enclosure, and wherein during the transforming the enclosure is at ambient pressure.

5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the transforming comprises fusing individual particles of the portion of the powder bed.

6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the hardening comprises solidifying the transformed material.

7 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of layers of hardened material has a radius of curvature of at least about five centimeters up to substantially flat.

8 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of layers of hardened material is devoid of two metals that are capable of forming a eutectic alloy in (b).

9 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of layers of hardened material is devoid of a first metal and a second metal that are capable of forming a eutectic metal alloy together.

10 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of layers of hardened material is devoid of a metal alloy that is formed from at least a first metal and a second metal in (b).

11 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of layers of hardened material comprises at most an elemental metal that is of a single elemental metal composition.

12 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of layers of hardened material comprises a metal alloy that is of a single metal alloy composition.

13 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of layers of hardened material is of a single material composition.

14 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a fundamental length scale of the three-dimensional object is about 120 micrometers or more.

15 . The method of claim 1 , wherein upon formation of the hardened material, the three-dimensional object is not supported by auxiliary support in the powder bed.

16 . The method of claim 1 , wherein upon formation of the hardened material, the three-dimensional object is devoid of auxiliary support.

17 . The method of claim 1 , wherein upon formation of the hardened material, the three-dimensional object comprises an auxiliary support feature that is suspended anchorlessly in the powder bed.

18 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the powder bed is provided adjacent to a base, and wherein upon formation of the hardened material, the three-dimensional object is disconnected from the base.

19 . The method of claim 1 , wherein a remainder of the powder bed that did not transform into the transformed material, is at an average temperature of at most about 400 degrees Celsius while the portion of the powder bed is transformed into the transformed material.

20 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the remainder of the powder bed that does not transform into the transformed material is at an average temperature of at most about 300 degrees Celsius while the portion of the powder bed is transformed into the transformed material.

21 . A system for generating a three-dimensional object, comprising:
(a) an enclosure that accommodates a powder bed, which powder bed comprises individual particles formed of a material selected from the group consisting of an elemental metal, metal alloy, ceramic, and an allotrope of elemental carbon; (b) an energy source that provides an energy beam to a portion of the powder bed during use; and (c) a controller operatively coupled to the energy source and programmed to (i) receive instructions to generate at least a portion of the three-dimensional object, (ii) direct the energy beam along a path to transform a portion of the powder bed to a transformed material, wherein a remainder of the powder bed that does not transform into the transformed material is at an average temperature of at most about 400 degrees Celsius while the portion of the powder bed is transformed into the transformed material, and (iii) permit the transformed material to harden to form a hardened material as part of the three-dimensional object, wherein the three-dimensional object (1) comprises a plurality of layers of hardened material and (2) is suspended anchorlessly in the powder bed during formation.

22 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the controller is operatively coupled to the enclosure and is programmed to maintain the enclosure at ambient pressure while the portion of the powder bed is transformed to the transformed material.

23 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the enclosure comprises a base, wherein during use the powder bed is disposed adjacent to the base that is positioned in the enclosure, and wherein upon formation of the hardened material, the three-dimensional object is disconnected from the base.

24 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the controller is programmed to facilitate formation of the three-dimensional object devoid of auxiliary support.

25 . The system of claim 21 , wherein during use, the plurality of layers of hardened material is devoid of at least two metals that are capable of forming a eutectic alloy.

26 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the energy beam comprises an electromagnetic energy beam or a charged particle beam.

27 . The system of claim 21 , wherein the controller is programmed to permit the transformed material to harden to form the hardened material as part of the three-dimensional object, such that each of the plurality of layers of hardened material has a radius of curvature of from at least about five centimeters up to substantially flat.

28 . The system of claim 21 , wherein a remainder of the powder bed that did not transform to form the transformed material is at an average temperature of at most about 300 degrees Celsius while the portion of the powder bed is transformed into the transformed material.

Assignees

• Velo3D Inc

Inventors

• Buller Benyamin
• Milshtein Erel
• Chua Thai Cheng

Classifications

• B29C64/268

  using laser beams; using electron beams [EB] · CPC title

• B29C64/245

  Platforms or substrates (support structures intended to be sacrificed after manufacture B29C64/40) · CPC title

• B29C64/35

  Cleaning · CPC title

• B29C64/393

  for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes · CPC title

• B29C64/214

  Doctor blades · CPC title