High solubility iron hexacyanides

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016276692-A1
Application number	US-201615166176-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	May 26, 2016
Priority date	Aug 15, 2012
Publication date	Sep 22, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

Stable solutions comprising high concentrations of charged coordination complexes, including iron hexacyanides are described, as are methods of preparing and using same in chemical energy storage systems, including flow battery systems. The use of these compositions allows energy storage densities at levels unavailable by other iron hexacyanide systems.

First claim

What is claimed is the following:

1 . A solution comprising:
a solvent; a dissolved iron hexacyanide complex having a concentration in the solvent ranging between about 1 M and about 3 M; and at least two different counterions forming a salt of the dissolved iron hexacyanide complex;
wherein the at least two different counterions comprise at least an ammonium ion, a substituted ammonium ion, or a combination thereof.

2 . The solution of claim 1 , wherein the solvent comprises an aqueous solvent.

3 . The solution of claim 2 , wherein the aqueous solvent is substantially free of a co-solvent.

4 . The solution of claim 2 , wherein the solution has an alkaline pH value.

5 . The solution of claim 4 , wherein the solution has a pH ranging between about 7.5 and about 12.

6 . The solution of claim 4 , wherein the solution has a pH ranging between about 8 and about 13.

7 . The solution of claim 4 , wherein the solution has a pH ranging between about 9 and about 12.

8 . The solution of claim 1 , wherein the at least two different counterions comprise a mixture of monovalent cations.

9 . The solution of claim 8 , wherein the at least two different counterions comprise one or more alkali metal cations.

10 . The solution of claim 1 , wherein the dissolved iron hexacyanide complex comprises a mixture of iron (II) hexacyanide and iron (III) hexacyanide.

11 . The solution of claim 1 , further comprising:
one or more of a viscosity modifier, a wetting agent, a buffering agent, and a supporting electrolyte.

12 . The solution of claim 1 , wherein the at least two different counterions comprise a first counterion and a second counterion, at least one of the first counterion and the second counterion being an ammonium ion or a substituted ammonium ion;
wherein a molar ratio of the first counterion to the second counterion ranges between about 1:10 and about 10:1.

13 . The solution of claim 12 , wherein the molar ratio of the first counterion to the second counterion ranges between about 0.9:1 and about 1.1:1.

14 . The solution of claim 12 , wherein the first counterion comprises an ammonium ion or a substituted ammonium ion, and the second counterion comprises an alkali metal cation.

15 . A flow battery comprising:
a first half-cell containing a first electrolyte solution; and a second half-cell containing a second electrolyte solution;
wherein at least one of the first half-cell and the second half-cell contains the solution of claim 1 .

16 . The flow battery of claim 15 , wherein the solution exhibits a charge/discharge density ranging between about 32 A-h/L and about 80 A-h/L.

17 . The flow battery of claim 15 , wherein the solvent comprises an aqueous solvent.

18 . The flow battery of claim 17 , wherein the solution has an alkaline pH value.

19 . The flow battery of claim 15 , wherein the at least two different counterions comprise a first counterion and a second counterion, at least one of the first counterion and the second counterion being an ammonium ion or a substituted ammonium ion;
wherein a molar ratio of the first counterion to the second counterion ranges between about 1:10 and about 10:1.

20 . The flow battery of claim 19 , wherein the first counterion comprises an ammonium ion or a substituted ammonium ion, and the second counterion comprises an alkali metal cation.

Assignees

• Lockheed Martin Advanced Energy Storage Llc

Inventors

• Esswein Arthur J
• Goeltz John
• Amadeo Desiree

Classifications

• H01M8/188 Primary

  by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries · CPC title

• H01M8/20

  Indirect fuel cells, e.g. fuel cells with redox couple being irreversible (H01M8/18 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M8/222 Primary

  Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on compounds containing nitrogen, e.g. hydrazine, ammonia · CPC title

• H01M2300/0002

  Aqueous electrolytes · CPC title

• C01C3/12 Primary

  Simple or complex iron cyanides · CPC title