Self-healing capacitor and methods of production thereof

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016254092-A1
Application number	US-201615053943-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Feb 25, 2016
Priority date	Feb 26, 2015
Publication date	Sep 1, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A self-healing capacitor comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer disposed between said first and second electrodes and having first surface faced the first electrode and second surface faced the second electrode. At least one of the electrodes can include metal foam. The dielectric layer can have electrically conductive channels that each has an exit point located on the first surface of the dielectric layer and another exit point located on the second surface of the dielectric layer. The electrodes can include local contact breakers each of which is located within the electrode at an interface between the dielectric layer and the electrode and opposite at least one exit point of each electrically conductive channel in the dielectric layer. The local contact breakers can prevent electric current through the conductive channels in dielectric layer.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A self-healing capacitor comprising
a first electrode, a second electrode, and a dielectric layer disposed between said first and second electrodes and having first surface facing the first electrode and a second surface facing the second electrode, wherein said electrodes are planar and positioned nearly or substantially parallel to each other, wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises a metal foam.

2 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal foam is configured to a form contact breaker by way of metal evaporation at an end of a conductive channel in the dielectric layer when current flows in the conductive channel as a result of application of a voltage between the first electrode and second electrode.

3 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein said dielectric layer comprises a plurality of electrically conductive channels, each of said channels having one exit point located on the first surface of the dielectric layer and another exit point located on the second surface of the dielectric layer, and
wherein each of said first and second electrodes comprises at least one local contact breaker adjacent to the dielectric layer and located opposite to at least one exit point that interferes with passage of electric current through the conductive channels in the dielectric layer.

4 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 3 , wherein the local contact breaker is a hole that penetrates an entire thickness of a respective one of the first and second electrodes.

5 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 3 , wherein the local contact breaker is a dome structure.

6 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal foam includes Aluminum (Al).

7 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal foam includes Nickel (Ni).

8 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal foam includes Iron (Fe).

9 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal foam includes Copper (Cu).

10 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein a melting temperature of the metal foam is from about 400° C. to about 700° C.

11 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein a metal content in the metal foam is from about 5% to about 30% by weight.

12 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the metal foam is of a closed bubble type.

13 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises the metal foam and the second electrode comprises a foil.

14 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 13 , wherein the foil includes Aluminum (Al).

15 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 13 , wherein the foil includes Nickel (Ni).

16 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 13 , wherein the foil includes Iron (Fe).

17 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 13 , wherein the foil includes Copper (Cu).

18 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the first electrode comprises the metal foam and the second electrode comprises a deposited thin film metal.

19 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 18 , wherein the deposited thin film metal includes Aluminum (Al).

20 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 18 , wherein the deposited thin film metal includes Nickel (Ni).

21 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 18 , wherein the deposited thin film metal includes Fe.

22 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 18 , wherein the deposited thin film metal includes Cu.

23 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the resistivity of the metal foam is tuned such that the metal foam ablates before the dielectric layer when current flows in a conductive channel through the dielectric layer as a result of application of a voltage between the first electrode and second electrode.

24 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer comprises modified organic compounds of the general structural formula I:
{ Cor }( M ) n ,  (I)

wherein Cor is a polycyclic organic compound with conjugated π-system, each M is a modifying functional group; and n is a number of the modifying functional groups that is greater than or equal to zero.

25 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 24 wherein the modifying functional groups are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl.

26 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 24 , wherein the polycyclic organic compound includes a material with the following structure:

wherein n is a number ranging from 1-6, R 1 is diisopropylphenil, and R 2 is tert-octyphenil.

27 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 24 , wherein the polycyclic organic compound is selected from the group consisting of oligophenyl, imidazole, pyrazole, acenaphthene, triaizine, indanthrone and structures 1-41:

28 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 27 wherein the modifying functional groups are selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl.

29 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer comprise a compound selected from the group consisting of fluorinated alkyls, polyethylene, poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene), polypropylene, fluorinated polypropylene, and polydimethylsiloxane.

30 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer comprises a polymeric material formed on the basis of water-soluble polymers which are selected from structures 42 to 47:

31 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer comprises a polymeric material formed on the basis of polymers soluble in organic solvents which are selected from structures 48 to 53:

wherein each R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl.

32 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer is crystalline.

33 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric layer comprises a colloidal composite with a micro-dispersion of electro-conductive nano-particles in an insulator matrix.

34 . A self-healing capacitor according to claim 33 , wherein the electro-conductive nano-particles comprise electro-conductive oligomers.

Assignees

• Capacitor Sciences Inc

Inventors

• Lazarev Pavel Ivan
• Kelly-Morgan Ian S G

Classifications

• H01G4/18

  of synthetic material, e.g. derivatives of cellulose (H01G4/16 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01G4/008

  Selection of materials · CPC title

• C09D151/003

  grafted on to macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds (C09D151/04, C09D151/06 take precedence) · CPC title

• H01G4/015 Primary

  Special provisions for self-healing · CPC title

• C09D179/02

  Polyamines · CPC title