Integrated energy and power device

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016226281-A1
Application number	US-201514610706-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jan 30, 2015
Priority date	Jan 30, 2015
Publication date	Aug 4, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A lithium ion energy and power system including:
a housing containing:
at least three electrodes including:
at least one first electrode including a cathodic faradaic energy storage material; at least one second electrode including an anodic faradaic energy storage material; and at least one third electrode including a cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material, wherein the at least one first, second, and third electrodes are adjacent as defined herein, and the at least one second electrode is electrically isolated from the electrically coupled at least one first electrode and the at least one third electrode; a separator between the electrodes; and a liquid electrolyte between the electrodes.

Also disclosed is a method of making and using the disclosed lithium ion energy and power system.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1 . A lithium ion energy and power system comprising:
a housing containing:
at least three electrodes comprising:
at least one first electrode comprising a cathodic faradaic energy storage material;
at least one second electrode comprising an anodic faradaic energy storage material; and
at least one third electrode comprising a cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material, wherein the at least one first electrode is adjacent to the at least one second electrode, and the at least one third electrode is adjacent to the at least one second electrode, and the at least one second electrode is electrically isolated from the electrically coupled at least one first electrode and the at least one third electrode; a separator situated between adjacent electrodes; and
a liquid electrolyte between adjacent electrodes.

2 . The device of claim 1 wherein the cathodic faradaic energy storage material in the first electrode comprises a lithium transition metal complex, the anodic faradaic energy storage material in the second electrode comprises an intercalating hard carbon or graphite having a low surface area of from 1 to 500 m 2 /g, and the cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material in the third electrode comprises a carbon having a high surface area of from 800 to 3000 m 2 /g.

3 . The device of claim 1 wherein:
the cathodic faradaic energy storage material is a lithium transition metal complex selected from the group of: LiCoO 2 , LiMn 1.5 Ni 0.5 O 4 , LiMn 2 O 4 , LiFePO 4 , LiNiMnCoO 2 , LiNiCoAlO 2 , or a mixture thereof;
the anodic faradaic energy storage material is selected from the group of: silicon nanoparticles; porous silicon; tin nanoparticles; graphene; a vanadium oxide sourced compound; a carbon nanotube; a titanium oxide sourced compound; germanium; antimony; a graphite carbon; a hard carbon; or a mixture of thereof; and
the cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material is selected from the group of: activated carbon having a surface area of from 800 to 3000 m 2 /gm and the activated carbon is from 51 to 100 wt % of the total active material in at least one third electrode; a mixture of activated carbon and graphite; a mixture of activated carbon and a hard carbon; or a mixture thereof.

4 . The device of claim 1 wherein the cathodic faradaic energy storage material, the non-cathodic faradaic energy storage material, and the anodic faradaic energy storage material comprise components that have a relative spatial relation represented by at least one of the formulas (I), (II), or (III):
C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/CSC′/S\A\S/C′  (I);

C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/CSC′/S\A\S/C′  (II);

C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/C/S\A\S/CSC′/S\A\S/C′  (III),

where “C” is a faradaic cathode, “C′” is a non-faradaic cathode, “/” is a single-side coat, “/C/” is a faradaic cathode coated on both sides, “S” is a separator, and “\A\” is a faradaic anode coated on both sides.

5 . The device of claim 1 wherein at least two of the at least three electrodes comprise a plurality of cathodic faradaic energy storage material electrodes and a plurality of cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material electrodes, where the ratio of the number of cathodic faradaic electrodes to the number of cathodic non-faradaic electrodes is from 0.01 to 50.

6 . The device of claim 1 further comprising an external connector for each electrode, or an external connector for each group of two or more identical electrodes.

7 . The device of claim 6 further comprising an external switch connected to each external connector for each electrode, or for each group of two or more identical electrodes.

8 . The device of claim 1 wherein the anodic faradaic energy storage material is coated on a copper foil current collector, and the cathodic faradaic energy storage material and the cathodic non-faradaic energy storage material are each separately coated on an aluminum foil current collector.

9 . The device of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte is selected from at least one of: a LiPF 6 in a non-aqueous solvent; an onium salt and a non-aqueous solvent; or a combination thereof.

10 . The device of claim 1 wherein the electrolyte comprises a quaternary ammonium cation and a tetrafluoroborate anion, and a non-aqueous solvent selected from at least one of: a nitrile, an alkyl ester, a sulfone, an ether, a dialkyl carbonate, a dialkylene carbonate, a fluorinated dialkylene carbonate, or a mixture thereof.

11 . The device of claim 1 wherein the at least three electrodes comprise:
the at least one first electrode includes a lithium containing compound;
the at least one second electrode includes at least one of a hard carbon, a graphite, or a mixture thereof; and
the at least one third electrode includes an activated carbon having a high porosity of from 0.2 to 1.5 cm 3 /gm and a high surface area of from 800 to 3000 m 2 /g,
wherein the at least one first electrode is adjacent to the at least one second electrode, and the at least one second electrode is adjacent to the third electrode.

12 . The device of claim 1 wherein the device has an energy density from 20 Wh/l to 500 Wh/l, and the device power is from 200 W/l to 20,000 W/l.

13 . An energy system having integral energy and power components, comprising:
a single housing containing at least three electrodes comprising:
at least one first electrode comprising a lithium transition metal compound;
at least one second electrode comprising an un-activated carbon; and
at least one third electrode comprising an activated carbon, wherein the at least one first electrode is adjacent to the at least one second electrode, and the at least one third electrode is adjacent to the at least one second electrode, and the un-activated carbon is electrically isolated from the electrically coupled lithium transition metal compound of the at least one first electrode and the activated carbon of the at least one third electrode cathode; and
a separator between the electrodes; and
a single electrolyte between the electrodes.

14 . The device of claim 13 wherein the lithium transition metal compound in the at least one first electrode comprises a lithium transition metal salt complex, the un-activated carbon in the at least one second electrode comprises a carbon having a low surface area of from 1 to 500 m 2 /g, and the activated carbon in the at least one third electrode comprises an activated carbon having a high surface area of from 800 to 3000 m 2 /g.

15 . The device of claim 13 wherein the single electrolyte comprises a salt selected from a quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate compound or a LiPF 6 compound, and a non-aqueous solvent selected from at least one of: a nitrile, an alkyl ester, a sulfone, an ether, a dialkyl carbonate, a dialkylene carbonate, a fluorinated dialkylene carbonate, or a mixture thereof.

16 . An integrated energy and power device comprising:
at least three electrodes arranged in a power electrode combination and an energy electrode combination, wherein the power electrode combination operates at from 2.2 to 3.8 V, and the energy electrode combination operates at from 3.0 to 4.2 V.

17 . The device of claim 16 wherein:
the power electrode combination comprises at least one electrode containing an activated carbon paired with at least one electrode containing a first graphite or a first hard carbon; and
the energy electrode combination comprises at least one electrode containing an activated carbon, a first graphite, or a first hard carbon, paired at least one electrode having a lith

Assignees

• Corning Inc

Inventors

• Gadkaree Kishor Purushottam
• Kadam Rahul Suryakant

Classifications

• H02J7/00 Primary

  Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries · CPC title

• H01M16/00 Primary

  Structural combinations of different types of electrochemical generators · CPC title

• H01M4/661

  Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings (H01M4/669 take precedence) · CPC title

• H01G11/58

  Liquid electrolytes · CPC title

• H01M4/505 Primary

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy · CPC title