Polymerization enhanced by nanostructures under x-ray irradiation

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016200872-A1
Application number	US-201314436785-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Oct 25, 2013
Priority date	Oct 25, 2012
Publication date	Jul 14, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

The methods disclosed herein are directed to methods of enhancing formation of a polymer from a monomer on a metal-based nanoparticle under X-ray irradiation and compositions produced by such methods. The method comprises irradiating a monomer solution with X-rays to form the polymer; wherein the monomer solution comprises the monomer, the metal-based nanoparticle, and a solvent capable of generating a hydroxyl radical; and wherein the metal-based nanoparticle is a particle having a greatest dimension between 5 and 100 nanometers. The methods also include the dissolution metal ions from these same metal-based nanoparticles wherein the solution comprises the metal-based nanoparticle and a solvent capable of generating a hydroxyl radical; and wherein the metal-based nanoparticle is a particle having a greatest dimension between 5 and 100 nanometers.

First claim

1 . A nanoparticle-based method of enhancing formation of a polymer under X-ray irradiation, the method comprising:
irradiating a monomer solution with X-rays to form the polymer; wherein the monomer solution comprises the monomer, a metal-based nanoparticle, and a solvent capable of generating a hydroxyl radical; and wherein the metal-based nanoparticle is a particle having a greatest dimension between 5 and 100 nanometers.

2 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a polyaniline polymer and the monomer is an aniline monomer.

3 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 1 , wherein the aniline monomer comprises an alkane-aniline or a dianiline monomer.

4 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, Pd, and combinations thereof.

5 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises a core and a shell.

6 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 5 , wherein the core comprises Ag.

7 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 5 , wherein the shell comprises Au.

8 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 1 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises two or more nanoparticles having a conductive interface capable of electron transfer.

9 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 8 , wherein one of the two or more nanoparticles comprises Ag.

10 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 8 , wherein one of the two or more nanoparticles comprises Au.

11 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 1 , wherein the monomer concentration required to form a quantity of the polymer in the presence of the metal-based nanoparticles is less than the monomer concentration required to form substantially the same quantity of the polymer in the absence of the metal-based nanoparticles under substantially the same reaction conditions.

12 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is an aqueous solvent.

13 . A nanomaterial composition comprising a metal-based nanoparticle and a polyaniline polymer, wherein the polyaniline polymer is adsorbed to the surface of the metal-based nanoparticle, and wherein the metal-based nanoparticle is a particle having a greatest dimension between 5 and 100 nanometers.

14 . The nanomaterial of claim 13 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, Pd, and combinations thereof.

15 . The nanomaterial of claim 13 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises a core and a shell.

16 . The nanomaterial of claim 15 , wherein the core comprises Ag.

17 . The nanomaterial of claim 15 , wherein the shell comprises Au.

18 . The nanomaterial of claim 17 , wherein the polyaniline polymer is an emeraldine salt or an emeraldine base.

19 . The nanomaterial of claim 18 , wherein the polyaniline polymer is an emeraldine base.

20 . The nanomaterial of claim 13 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises at least one nanoparticle comprising a first metal and at least one nanoparticle comprising a second metal.

21 . The nanomaterial of claim 20 , wherein the first metal is Ag and the second metal is Au.

22 . The nanomaterial of claim 13 , wherein the polyaniline polymer is a poly-alkane-aniline or a poly-dianiline polymer.

23 . A nanoparticle-based method of enhancing dissolution of metal ions from a metal-based nanoparticle under X-ray irradiation, the method comprising:
irradiating a solution with X-rays to dissolve the metal ions; wherein the solution comprises the metal-based nanoparticle and a solvent capable of generating a hydroxyl radical; and wherein the metal-based nanoparticle is a particle having a greatest dimension between 5 and 100 nanometers.

24 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 23 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of Ag, Au, Cu, Co, Ni, Fe, Pd, and combinations thereof.

25 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 23 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises a core and a shell.

26 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 25 , wherein the core comprises Ag.

27 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 23 , wherein the shell comprises Au.

28 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 23 , wherein the metal-based nanoparticle comprises two or more nanoparticles having a conductive interface capable of electron transfer.

29 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 28 , wherein one of the two or more nanoparticles comprises Ag.

30 . The nanoparticle-based method of claim 28 , wherein one of the two or more nanoparticles comprises Au.

Assignees

• Univ California

Inventors

• Guo Ting
• Davidson R Andrew

Classifications

• C08F2/54

  by X-rays or electrons · CPC title

• C08F2/44 Primary

  Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers · CPC title

• C08G73/0266 Primary

  Polyanilines or derivatives thereof · CPC title