Porous Ceramic Molten Metal Composite Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016133979-A1
Application number	US-201514887909-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Oct 20, 2015
Priority date	Mar 10, 2011
Publication date	May 12, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A fuel cell anode comprises a porous ceramic molten metal composite of a metal or metal alloy, for example, tin or a tin alloy, infused in a ceramic where the metal is liquid at the temperatures of an operational solid oxide fuel cell, exhibiting high oxygen ion mobility. The anode can be employed in a SOFC with a thin electrolyte that can be a ceramic of the same or similar composition to that infused with the liquid metal of the porous ceramic molten metal composite anode. The thicknesses of the electrolyte can be reduced to a minimum that allows greater efficiencies of the SOFC thereby constructed.

First claim

We claim:

1 . A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), comprising:
an anode layer comprising a porous ceramic molten metal composite wherein a nickel alloy is infused into a porous ceramic, wherein the metal or 50 to 99 weight percent of the nickel alloy is tin, bismuth, indium, lead, mercury, thallium, or zinc, wherein the nickel alloy is a liquid at 600° C., and wherein the porous ceramic is formed from a NiO/doped ceria, wherein the nickel alloy resides within the pores of the doped ceria formed from the NiO of the NiO/doped ceria; a cathode layer comprising a metal oxide or mixed metal oxide; and an electrolyte layer comprising an oxygen ion conductive ceria.

2 . The SOFC of claim 1 , the doped ceria comprises Gd-doped CeO 2 (GDC) (Ce x Gd 1−x O 2−δ ), Y-doped CeO 2 (YDC) (Ce x Y 1−x O 2−δ ), Sm-doped cerium oxide (SDC) (Ce x Sm 1−x O 2−δ ), or Sm-Nd-doped cerium oxide (Sm x Nd y Ce 1−x−y O 2−δ ).

3 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the nickel alloy comprises tin.

4 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide or mixed metal oxide comprises a perovskite-type oxide.

5 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the perovskite-type oxide comprises LaMnO 3 , La 0.84 Sr 0 . 16 MnO 3 , La 0.84 Ca 0.16 MnO 3 , La 0.84 Ba 0.16 MnO 3 , La 0.65 Sr 0.35 Mn 0.8 Co 0.2 O 3 , La 0.79 Sr 0.16 Mn 0.85 CO 0.15 O 3 , La 0.84 Sr 0.16 Mn 0.8 Ni 0.2 O 3 , La 0.84 Sr 0.16 Mn 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 , La 0.84 Sr 0.6 Mn 0.8 Ce 0.2 O 3 , La 0.84 Sr 0.16 Mn 0.8 Mg 0.2 O 3 , La 0.84 Sr 0.16 Mn 0.8 Cr 0.2 O 3 , La 0.6 Sr 0.35 Mn 0.8 Al 0.2 O 3 , La 0.84 SCSUb. 0.16 MnO 3 , La 0.84 Y 0.16 MnO 3 , La 0.7 Sr 0.3 CoO 3 , LaCoO 3 , La 0.7 Sr 0.3 FeO 3 , or La 0.5 Sr 0.5 CoO 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3 .

6 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide or mixed metal oxide comprises a composite of a perovskite-type oxide and a solid electrolyte.

7 . SOFC of claim 6 , wherein the perovskite-type oxide and the solid electrolyte comprises LSCF-GDC or LSM-YSZ.

8 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the metal oxide or mixed metal oxide comprises Bi 2 Ru 2 O 7 (BRO7), BRO7-(Er 2 O 3 ) 0.2 (Bi 2 O 3 ) 0.8 (ESB) composite, BRO-(Dw 2 O 3 ) 0.2 (Bi 2 O 3 ) 0.8 ) (DSB) composite, BRO-(Y 2 O 3 ) 0.2 (Bi 2 O 3 ) 0.8 ) (YSB) composite, or BRO-Bi 2−(x+y) Dy x W y O 3 (DWSB) composite.

9 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte layer comprises Gd-doped CeO 2 (GDC), Y-doped CeO 2 (YDC), Sm-doped cerium oxide (SDC), or Sm-Nd-doped cerium oxide.

10 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte layer comprises the doped ceria of the porous ceramic molten metal composite of the anode layer.

11 . The SOFC of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte layer comprises a bilayer electrolyte comprising a layer of the doped ceria of the porous ceramic molten metal composite of the anode layer and a layer of the metal oxide or mixed metal oxide of the cathode layer.

Assignees

• Univ Florida

Inventors

• Wachsman Eric D
• Bishop Sean Robert

Classifications

• H01M4/8621

  containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering · CPC title

• H01M8/126

  the electrolyte containing cerium oxide · CPC title

• H01M2300/0074

  Ion conductive at high temperature · CPC title

• H01M8/1213 Primary

  characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material · CPC title

• H01M4/9025

  Oxides specially used in fuel cell operating at high temperature, e.g. SOFC · CPC title