High surface area anode with volume expansion features

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016104891-A1
Application number	US-201514881566-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Oct 13, 2015
Priority date	Oct 14, 2014
Publication date	Apr 14, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A high surface area anode structure for a lithium ion secondary battery including an anolyte layer, wherein the anolyte layer includes vacant space formed within a percolating network for lithium deposition thereupon.

First claim

1 . A high surface area negative electrode for a lithium (Li) ion secondary battery, comprising:
a current collector (CC) layer comprising a metal selected from the group consisting of copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), stainless steel, alloys thereof, coatings thereof upon a substrate, and combinations thereof; an anolyte layer between and in contact with both the CC layer and a solid state electrolyte (SSE) layer; and wherein:
the anolyte layer comprises a liquid or gel that is stable versus Lithium (Li); and
the anolyte layer comprises a high surface area space for Li deposition and a percolating network comprising at least one member selected from the group consisting of a binder, carbon, a polymer, nanoparticles, nanowires, and combinations thereof.

2 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the high surface area space is pore space within the percolating network.

3 . (canceled)

4 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the coatings is a metal selected from the group consisting of Nickel, Copper, and a combination thereof.

5 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a member selected from the group consisting of a plastic substrate, a polymer substrate, a ceramic substrate, and a carbon substrate.

6 . (canceled)

7 . (canceled)

8 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the density of the SSE is >95% and <100%.

9 . The negative electrode of claim 1 wherein the SSE is selected from a group consisting of LSPS, eLSPS, LSTPS, LSTPSO, LPS, LPSO, eLPS, LSS, solid polymer electrolyte, polymer/ceramic composites, and a lithium stuffed garnet.

10 . The negative electrode of claim 9 , wherein the SSE is eLPS, eLSPS, or eLPSO.

11 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the SSE comprises a lithium stuffed garnet.

12 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the percolating network comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of carbon mat, carbon mesh, carbon foam, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, carbon fibers, vapor grown carbon fibers, and expanded metal mesh.

13 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the percolating network comprises nanowires.

14 . The negative electrode of claim 13 , wherein the nanowires are carbon nanowires.

15 . The negative electrode of claim 13 , wherein the nanowires are insulating carbon nanowires.

16 . The negative electrode of claim 13 , wherein the nanowires have nanoparticles thereupon.

17 . The negative electrode of claim 16 , wherein the nanoparticles are Cu nanoparticles, Pt nanoparticles, Pd nanoparticles, or Carbon (C) nanoparticles.

18 . (canceled)

19 . (canceled)

20 . The negative electrode of claim 13 , wherein the nanowires are insulating and selected from a group consisting of insulating carbon nanowires, cellulosic fibers, and insulating oxides.

21 . The negative electrode of claim 20 , wherein the nanowires have nanoparticles thereupon and the nanoparticles are Cu nanoparticles or Carbon (C) nanoparticles.

22 . The negative electrode of claim 20 , wherein the insulating oxide is selected from the group consisting of ZnO, SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof

23 . (canceled)

24 . (canceled)

25 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene oxide (PEO), polypropylene oxide (PPO), PEO-PPO block co-polymers, styrene-butadiene, polystyrene (PS), acrylates, diacrylates, methyl methacrylates, silicones, acrylamides, t-butyl acrylamide, styrenics, t-alpha methyl styrene, acrylonitriles, and vinyl acetates.

26 . (canceled)

27 . (canceled)

28 . (canceled)

29 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), atactic polypropylene (aPP), isotactive polypropylene ethylene propylene rubber (EPR), ethylene pentene copolymer (EPC), polyisobutylene (PIB), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), polyolefins, polyethylene-co-poly-1-octene (PE-co-PO); PE-co-poly(methylene cyclopentane) (PE-co-PMCP); stereoblock polypropylenes, polypropylene polymethylpentene copolymer and silicone.

30 . (canceled)

31 . (canceled)

32 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the anolyte is characterized by an electronic conductivity (σ e )< a Lithium conductivity (σ Li ).

33 . The negative electrode of claim 32 , wherein σ e is at least one order of magnitude lower than σ Li .

34 . (canceled)

35 . (canceled)

36 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the liquid anolyte is contained within the negative electrode by a member selected from the group consisting of a gasket, a seal, and a membrane.

37 . (canceled)

38 . The negative electrode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one metal is selected from the group consisting of Platinum, Nickel, Copper, and combinations thereof.

39 . (canceled)

40 . (canceled)

41 . An energy storage device comprising the negative electrode of claim 1 , a cathode, and an electrolyte between the cathode and the anode such that the battery has a capacity of greater than 300 mAh/g at less than 30 millivolts (mV) relative to a lithium electrode.

42 . An energy storage device comprising the negative electrode of claim 1 .

Assignees

• Quantumscape Corp

Inventors

• Holme Timothy

Classifications

• H01M4/623 Primary

  fluorinated polymers · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M2300/0082

  Organic polymers · CPC title

• H01M10/0564

  the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only · CPC title

• H01M4/66

  Selection of materials · CPC title