Lithium-air battery with sodium salt as mediator

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-2016036107-A1
Application number	US-201414446852-A
Country	US
Kind code	A1
Filing date	Jul 30, 2014
Priority date	Jul 30, 2014
Publication date	Feb 4, 2016
Grant date	—

Abstract

A lithium air battery is provided. The battery comprises: an anode compartment; a cathode compartment supplied with an O 2 source; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment. The anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, while the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and a sodium ion electrolyte. The anode compartment is separated from the cathode compartment by a lithium ion conductive membrane that is not permeable to sodium ions. In a preferred embodiment the cathode compartment contains an ionic liquid.

First claim

1 . A lithium-air battery, comprising:
an anode compartment; a cathode compartment supplied with an O 2 source; and a lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment; wherein the anode compartment comprises an anode having lithium or a lithium alloy as active metal and a lithium ion electrolyte, the cathode compartment comprises an air electrode and a sodium ion electrolyte, and the lithium ion conductive membrane is not permeable to sodium ions.

2 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode compartment comprises an ionic liquid.

3 . The lithium air battery of claim 2 , wherein the ionic liquid is an imidazolium cation, a piperidinium cation, a pyrrolidinium cation or an ammonium cation associated with an anion selected from the group consisting of a bis(trifluoromethansulfonyl)imide anion, a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion, a tetrafluoroborate anion and a hexafluorophosphate anion.

4 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the ionic liquid further comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of a tetraalkyl ammonium salt, an imidazolium salt, a pyridinium salt and a piperidinium salt.

5 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium ion conductive membrane separating the anode compartment from the cathode compartment is a polymer, a ceramic material or a composite thereof.

6 . The lithium air battery of claim 5 , wherein
the lithium ion conductive membrane comprises ceramic membrane.

7 . The lithium air battery of claim 6 , wherein the ceramic membrane comprises one selected from the group consisting of a Li—La—Ti—O based perovskite, a Li—Al—Ti—P—O based NASICON, a Li—La—Zr—O based garnet, a Li—P—S based solid electrolyte and a Li—Ge—P—S based solid electrolyte.

8 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the sodium ion electrolyte comprises a sodium salt selected from the group consisting of Na 2 SO 4 , NaNO 3 , NaClO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , Na 2 CO 3 , NaPF 6 and NaOH.

9 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode compartment further comprises a nonaqueous solvent selected from the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate, a cyclic ester, a cyclic ether and a chain ether.

10 . The lithium air battery of claim 9 , wherein the anode compartment further comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , Li(CF 3 SO 3 ) and LiN(C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 .

11 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the O 2 source supplied to the cathode compartment is one selected from the group consisting of pure O 2 , ambient air and O 2 diluted with an inert gas.

12 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the air electrode comprises at least one of a redox catalyst and a conductive material.

13 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the air electrode comprises a redox catalyst and the redox catalyst is selected from the group consisting of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO), LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Mg(OH) 2 , Ca(OH) 2 , Sr(OH) 2 , Ba(OH) 2 ), Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , SrCO 3 and BaCO 3 .

14 . The lithium air battery of claim 13 , wherein the air electrode further comprises a precious metal catalyst.

15 . The lithium air battery of claim 1 , wherein the air electrode comprises a conductive material and the conductive material is selected from the group consisting of Ketjen black, acetylene black, vapor grown carbon fiber, graphene, natural graphite, artificial graphite, activated carbon, a metal fiber, a metal powder and an organic conductive material.

16 . The lithium air battery of claim 2 , wherein the ionic liquid is N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (DEME-TFSA), and the sodium ion electrolyte is sodium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide (NaTFSA).

17 . A vehicle comprising the lithium air battery of claim 1 .

18 . The vehicle of claim 16 , wherein the O 2 source supplied to the cathode compartment is ambient air.

Assignees

• Toyota Eng & Mfg North America

Inventors

• Takechi Kensuke
• Mizuno Fuminori

Classifications

• H01M2220/20

  Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane · CPC title

• H01M2300/0071

  Oxides · CPC title

• H01M12/08 Primary

  composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type · CPC title

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• H01M4/96

  Carbon-based electrodes · CPC title