Battery imbalance diagnosis and mitigation

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12449484-B2
Application number	US-202318334015-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 13, 2023
Priority date	Jun 13, 2023
Publication date	Oct 21, 2025
Grant date	Oct 21, 2025

Abstract

Techniques are provided for battery imbalance diagnosis and mitigation. In one embodiment, the techniques involve isolating, via a first isolation unit, a first battery cell from a plurality of battery cells, determining, via a complex impedance measurement unit, a state of health of the first battery cell, and controlling, via a controller, the first battery cell based on the state of health of the first battery cell.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method comprising:
isolating, via a first isolation unit, a first battery cell from a plurality of battery cells wherein the first isolation unit includes a first connection point connected to a first end of a switch, wherein a second end of the switch is connected to a first electrical path, and wherein a third end of the switch is connected to a second electrical path, and a second connection point connected to the first electrical path and the second electrical path, wherein the second electrical path includes a resistor or an RC filter;
determining, via a complex impedance measurement unit, a state of health of the first battery cell; and
controlling, via a controller, the first battery cell based on the state of health of the first battery cell.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first isolation unit comprises:
the second connection point being connected to the second end of the switch.

3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising:
isolating, via a second isolation unit, a second battery cell from the plurality of battery cells;
determining, via the complex impedance measurement unit, a state of health of the second battery cell; and
determining, via the controller, that a difference between the state of health of the first battery cell and the state of health of the second battery cell exceeds a state of health threshold, wherein the difference indicates that a remaining useful life of the first battery cell is less than a remaining useful life of the second battery cell, and wherein the first battery cell is controlled by disconnecting the first battery cell from the plurality of battery cells via the first isolation unit.

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining, via the controller, a target frequency range of a frequency response;
determining, via the complex impedance measurement unit, the frequency response across the target frequency range;
determining, via the controller, a state of health of the first battery cell based on the frequency response; and
determining, via the controller, that a difference between the state of health of the first battery cell and a state of health estimation map exceeds a battery imbalance threshold, wherein the first battery cell is controlled based on the state of health of the first battery cell.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complex impedance measurement unit represents a device configured to apply an input AC signal to the first battery cell, measure an output AC signal of the first battery cell, and determine real and imaginary impedance values based on the input AC signal and the output AC signal.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the state of health of the first battery cell is a map or profile that represents a remaining useful life of the first battery cell relative to at least one metric, wherein the remaining useful life of the first battery cell comprises at least one of: an internal impedance value, a number of expected remaining life cycles, or a percentage of remaining charge, and wherein the at least one metric comprises: time, a cycle count, a temperature range, a voltage or current usage, or a capacity range of the first battery cell.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complex impedance measurement unit includes at least one of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy device and a potentiostat.

8. A vehicle power control system, comprising:
a plurality of battery cells;
a first isolation unit;
a complex impedance measurement unit;
a processor; and
memory or storage comprising an algorithm or computer instructions, which when executed by the processor, performs an operation comprising:
isolating, via the first isolation unit, a first battery cell from the plurality of battery cells wherein the first isolation unit includes a first connection point connected to a first end of switch, wherein a second end of the switch is connected to a first electrical path, and wherein a third end of the switch is connected to a second electrical path, and a second connection point connected to the first electrical path and the second electrical path, wherein the second electrical path includes a resistor or an RC filter;
determining, via the complex impedance measurement unit, a state of health of the first battery cell; and
controlling, via the processor, the first battery cell based on the state of health of the first battery cell.

9. The vehicle power control system of claim 8 , wherein the first isolation unit comprises:
the second connection point being connected to the second end of the switch.

10. The vehicle power control system of claim 9 , the operation further comprising:
isolating, via a second isolation unit, a second battery cell from the plurality of battery cells;
determining, via the complex impedance measurement unit, a state of health of the second battery cell; and
determining, via the processor, that a difference between the state of health of the first battery cell and the state of health of the second battery cell exceeds a state of health threshold, wherein the difference indicates that a remaining useful life of the first battery cell is less than a remaining useful life of the second battery cell, and wherein the first battery cell is controlled by disconnecting the first battery cell from the plurality of battery cells via the first isolation unit.

11. The vehicle power control system of claim 8 , the operation further comprising:
determining, via the processor, a target frequency range of a frequency response;
determining, via the complex impedance measurement unit, the frequency response across the target frequency range;
determining, via the processor, a state of health of the first battery cell based on the frequency response; and
determining, via the processor, that a difference between the state of health of the first battery cell and a state of health estimation map exceeds a battery imbalance threshold, wherein the first battery cell is controlled based on the state of health of the first battery cell.

12. The vehicle power control system of claim 8 , wherein the complex impedance measurement unit represents a device configured to apply an input AC signal to the first battery cell, measure an output AC signal of the first battery cell, and determine real and imaginary impedance values based on the input AC signal and the output AC signal.

13. The vehicle power control system of claim 8 , wherein the state of health of the first battery cell is a map or profile that represents a remaining useful life of the first battery cell relative to at least one metric, wherein the remaining useful life of the first battery cell comprises at least one of: an internal impedance value, a number of expected remaining life cycles, or a percentage of remaining charge, and wherein the at least one metric comprises: time, a cycle count, a temperature range, a voltage or current usage, or a capacity range of the first battery cell.

14. The vehicle power control system of claim 8 , wherein the complex impedance measurement unit includes at least one of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy device and a potentiostat.

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having a computer-readable program code embodied therewith, the computer-readable program code executable by one or more computer processors to perform an operation comprising:
isolating, via a first isolation unit, a first battery cell from a plurality of battery cells, wherein the first isolation unit comprises:
a first connection point connected to a first end of switch, wherein a second end of

Assignees

• Gm Global Tech Operations Llc

Inventors

• Salehi Rasoul
• Muldoon Steven Earl
• Wang Yue-Yun
• Lin Wen-Chiao

Classifications

• G01R31/389 Primary

  Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables · CPC title

• B60R16/033

  characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries (for propulsion puposes B60K1/04; supplying batteries to, or removing batteries from, vehicles B60S5/06; testing of charge state G01R31/36) · CPC title

• H01M10/482

  for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially · CPC title

• H01M2220/20

  Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane · CPC title

• G01R31/396

  Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery · CPC title