Electrochromic optical switch

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12386235-B2
Application number	US-202117380698-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 20, 2021
Priority date	Jul 20, 2021
Publication date	Aug 12, 2025
Grant date	Aug 12, 2025

Abstract

A device, a method, and an article of manufacture are disclosed. The device includes a first optical fiber, a second optical fiber, an electrochromic component positioned between tips of the optical fibers, and a voltage source connected to the electrochromic component. The method includes providing an electrochromic component, providing optical fibers and a voltage source, and assembling an optical switch that includes the electrochromic component, the optical fibers, and the voltage source. The voltage source is connected to the electrochromic component. The article of manufacture includes an optical switch with a voltage source connected to an electrochromic component positioned between optical fiber tips.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A device, comprising:
an optical transistor comprising:
a first optical fiber;
a second optical fiber optically aligned with the first optical fiber;
at least two electrochromic components optically aligned with the first and second optical fibers, wherein:
the at least two electrochromic components comprise a first electrochromic component positioned in a first space, wherein the first space is between a tip of the first optical fiber and a tip of the second optical fiber and has a width not exceeding a maximum working distance of the tip of the first optical fiber; and
the at least two electrochromic components have colored states with light transmittances that, in combination, are able to block light transmission between the first and second optical fibers; and

a voltage source configured to cause the at least two electrochromic components to selectively switch between the colored states and bleached states to respectively block or allow signal transmission from the first optical fiber to the second optical fiber.

2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the optical transistor further comprises a third optical fiber; and
the at least two electrochromic components further comprise a second electrochromic component positioned in a second space, wherein the second space is between a second tip of the second optical fiber and a tip of the third optical fiber and has a width not exceeding a maximum working distance of the second tip of the second optical fiber.

3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first optical fiber and the second optical fiber are multi-mode optical fibers.

4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochromic component comprises:
a first transparent conductive layer in contact with an electrochromic layer;
an ion transport layer in contact with the electrochromic layer and a counterelectrode; and
a second transparent conductive layer in contact with the counterelectrode.

5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the electrochromic layer comprises a transition metal oxide.

6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the transition metal oxide is anhydrous tungsten oxide or a tungsten oxide hydrate.

7. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a mechanical enclosure.

8. A method comprising:
providing at least two electrochromic components, wherein the at least two electrochromic components have colored states with light transmittances that, in combination, are able to block light transmission between optical fibers;
providing a first optical fiber aligned with a second optical fiber;
providing at least one voltage source; and
assembling an optical transistor that includes the at least two electrochromic components, the first optical fiber, and the second optical fiber, wherein, in the assembled optical transistor:
a first electrochromic component of the at least two electrochromic components is positioned in a first space, wherein the first space is between a tip of the first optical fiber and a tip of the second optical fiber and has a width not exceeding a maximum working distance of the tip of the first optical fiber;
the at least two electrochromic components are connected to the at least one voltage source; and
the at least one voltage source is configured to cause the at least two electrochromic components to selectively switch between the colored states and bleached states to respectively block or allow signal transmission from the first optical fiber to the second optical fiber.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the providing the at least two electrochromic components comprises providing an electrochromic transition metal oxide.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the providing the at least two electrochromic components comprises forming a nanosheet of a transition metal oxide.

11. The method of claim 8 , wherein the providing the at least two electrochromic components comprises forming a thin film of a transition metal oxide.

12. An article of manufacture, comprising:
an optical transistor, comprising:
a first optical fiber;
a second optical fiber optically aligned with the first optical fiber;
at least two electrochromic components optically aligned with the first and second optical fibers, wherein:
the at least two electrochromic components comprise a first electrochromic component positioned in a first space, wherein the first space is between a tip of the first optical fiber and a tip of the second optical fiber and has a width not exceeding a maximum working distance of the tip of the first optical fiber; and
the at least two electrochromic components have colored states with light transmittances that, in combination, are able to block light transmission between the first and second optical fibers; and

a voltage source configured to cause the electrochromic component to selectively switch between the colored states and bleached states to respectively block or allow signal transmission from the first optical fiber to the the second optical fiber.

13. The article of manufacture of claim 12 , wherein:
the optical transistor further comprises a third optical fiber; and
the at least two electrochromic components further comprise a second electrochromic component positioned in a second space, wherein the second space is between a second tip of the second optical fiber and a tip of the third optical fiber and has a width not exceeding a maximum working distance of the second tip of the second optical fiber.

14. The article of manufacture of claim 12 , wherein the first electrochromic component comprises a transition metal oxide.

15. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first electrochromic component and the second electrochromic component have different percent transmittances in response to applied voltages.

16. The device of claim 1 , wherein the maximum working distance of the tip of the first optical fiber is 30 μm.

17. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochromic component comprises a two-dimensional nanosheet of a transition metal oxide.

18. The device of claim 1 , wherein the first electrochromic component is a flexible electrochromic component comprising:
a conductive layer comprising indium tin oxide (ITO) on polyethylene terephthalate; and
a two-dimensional electrochromic nanosheet in contact with the conductive layer.

19. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least two electrochromic components further comprise a second electrochromic component located in the first space.

20. The device of claim 2 , wherein the first electrochromic component, the second optical fiber, and the second electrochromic component are inside a mechanical enclosure.

Assignees

• IBM

Inventors

• Cocchini Matteo
• Gholami Faezeh
• Cracraft Michael
• Minassian Vahe

Classifications

• G02F2201/02

  fibre · CPC title

• C01P2006/40

  Electric properties · CPC title

• G02F2201/05

  multimode · CPC title

• C01P2006/60

  Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values · CPC title

• C01G41/02

  Oxides; Hydroxides · CPC title