Water softening intercalation materials

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12381287-B2
Application number	US-202117405396-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 18, 2021
Priority date	Aug 18, 2021
Publication date	Aug 5, 2025
Grant date	Aug 5, 2025

Abstract

An electrode for use in a device configured to remove ions from a solution. The electrode includes an intercalation material including a binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound, a ternary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound, or a combination thereof. The binary compound may have a general formula: AxByCz[Fe(CN)6], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; and 0≤z≤1. The ternary compound may have the general formula: AxByCzDw[Fe(CN)6], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; D=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z≤1; 0≤w≤1.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrode for use in a device configured to remove ions from a solution, the electrode comprising:
an intercalation material including a ternary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound having the general formula: A x B y C z D w [Fe(CN) 6 ], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; D=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z≤1; 0≤w≤1; x, y, z, and w are non-zero; and B, C, and D are different.

2. The electrode of claim 1 , further comprising:
a carbon additive; and
a polymeric binder.

3. The electrode of claim 2 , wherein the intercalation material, the carbon additive and the polymeric binder are mixed to form an intercalation host material.

4. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein the intercalation material is present in the intercalation host material in 60 to 90 weight percent.

5. The electrode of claim 3 , wherein the intercalation host material is supported on a substrate.

6. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the ions include one or more divalent cations of Ca 2+ and/or Mg 2+ ions.

7. A device for removing ions from a solution, the device comprising:
first and second intercalation electrodes forming a compartment configured to stream the solution, the first and second intercalation electrodes including first and second intercalation materials, respectively, the first intercalation material including a ternary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound, the second intercalation material including a binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound, the ternary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound, or a combination thereof, the binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound having a general formula: A x B y C z [Fe(CN) 6 ], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z≤1; x, y, and z are non-zero; and B and C are different, and the ternary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound having the general formula: A x B y C z D w [Fe(CN) 6 ], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; D=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, of Zn; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z≤1; 0≤w≤1; and x, y, z, and w are non-zero; and B, C, and D are different, the first and second intercalation electrodes configured to receive an electric bias of current or voltage applied by a power supply such that the first and second intercalation electrodes reversibly store and release ions from the solution.

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein only one of the first and second intercalation material includes the ternary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound.

9. The device of claim 7 , wherein the first and second intercalation materials are the same such that the first and second intercalation electrodes are paired.

10. The device of claim 7 , further comprising an anion exchange membrane situated between the first and second intercalation electrodes such that a first subcompartment is formed between the first intercalation electrode and the anion exchange membrane and a second subcompartment is formed between the anion exchange membrane and the second subcompartment.

11. The device of claim 7 , wherein the second intercalation material is the binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound.

12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound is selected from the group consisting of: A x Cu y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Mn y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Fe y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Mn y Cu z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Fe y Cu z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Cu z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Fe y Mn z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Mn z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Fe z [Fe(CN) 6 ], and combinations thereof.

13. The device of claim 7 , wherein the ions include one or more divalent cations of Ca 2+ and/or Mg 2+ ions.

14. A device for removing ions from a solution, the device comprising:
first and second intercalation electrodes forming a compartment configured to stream the solution, the first and second intercalation electrodes including first and second intercalation materials, respectively, the first and second intercalation materials independently including a binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound having a general formula: A x B y C z [Fe(CN) 6 ], where A=Li, Na, or K; B=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; C=Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, or Zn; 0≤x≤1; 0≤y≤1; 0≤z≤1; x, y, and z are non-zero; and B and C are different, the first and second intercalation electrodes configured to receive an electric bias of current or voltage applied by a power supply such that the first and second intercalation electrodes reversibly store and release ions from the solution.

15. The device of claim 14 , further comprising an anion exchange membrane situated between the first and second intercalation electrodes such that a first subcompartment is formed between the first intercalation electrode and the anion exchange membrane and a second subcompartment is formed between the anion exchange membrane and the second subcompartment.

16. The device of claim 14 , wherein the binary transition metal Prussian blue analogue compound of the first and second intercalation materials is independently selected from the group consisting of: A x Cu y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Mn y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Fe y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Ni z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Mn y Cu z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Fe y Cu z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Cu z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Fe y Mn z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Mn z [Fe(CN) 6 ], A x Zn y Fe z [Fe(CN) 6 ], and combinations thereof.

Assignees

• Bosch Gmbh Robert

Inventors

• Besli Münir M
• Kuppan Saravanan
• Pande Vikram
• Hellstrom Sondra
• Christensen Jake

Classifications

• H01M4/622

  being polymers · CPC title

• H01M4/583

  Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title

• H01M50/449

  having a layered structure · CPC title

• B01D61/50

  Stacks of the plate-and-frame type · CPC title

• C02F1/4602

  for prevention or elimination of deposits · CPC title