Bed level sensor for solid beds with leveling actuators

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12343718-B2
Application number	US-202217948507-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 20, 2022
Priority date	Sep 29, 2021
Publication date	Jul 1, 2025
Grant date	Jul 1, 2025

Abstract

A biochar production system includes a reactor body, a central rod disposed within the reactor body, a leveling arm extending from the central rod and configured to rotate about the central rod, and a bed level sensor system. The bed level sensor system includes a float configured to move from a resting position on a biomass in the reactor to an ending position upon contact with the leveling arm, and a level sensor coupled to the float via a connector. The level sensor is configured to correspondingly move with the float. A controller is configured to detect bed levels of the biomass within the reactor body, and determine a plurality of sample readings based on the detected bed levels.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A biochar production system comprising:
a reactor body;
a leveling arm configured to rotate and move along a leveling place in the reactor body;
a bed level sensor system comprising:
a float configured to move from a resting position on a biomass in the reactor to an ending position upon contact with the leveling arm arising from rotation of the leveling arm; and
a level sensor coupled to the float via a connector, the level sensor configured to correspondingly move with the float; and

a controller configured to:
receive detected bed levels of the biomass within the reactor body from the level sensor, each detected bed level based upon a change between the resting position and the ending position;
determine a plurality of sample readings based on the detected bed levels; and
operate, based on the plurality of sample readings, the biochar production system.

2. The biochar production system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to:
omit invalid sample readings of the plurality of sample readings;
determine an accumulated amount of invalid sample readings reaches a predetermined threshold; and
generate a diagnostic event in response to the accumulated amount of invalid sample readings reaching the predetermined threshold.

3. The biochar production system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to determine a variable sample rate based on the detected bed levels and set a leveling arm speed such that as the bed levels increase in the reactor, the leveling arm speed is compensated so as to adjust a lift frequency of the level sensor to prevent overfill.

4. The biochar production system of claim 3 , wherein the controller is further configured to determine at least one of the leveling arm speed and a volume of the reactor.

5. The biochar production system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to increase an extraction speed to direct biochar out of an outlet of the reactor body in response to a bed level being greater than a predetermined set point.

6. The biochar production system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to decrease the extraction speed to direct biochar out of an outlet of the reactor body in response to a bed level being less than the predetermined set point.

7. The biochar production system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to decrease a conveyer speed to direct biomass into the reactor body in response to a bed level being greater than a predetermined set point.

8. The biochar production system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to increase the conveyer speed to direct biomass into the reactor body in response to a bed level being less than the predetermined set point.

9. The biochar production system of claim 1 , further comprising a central rod disposed within the reactor body, and wherein the leveling arm extends from the central rod.

10. The biochar production system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to:
receive an output from the level sensor, the output from the level sensor used in detecting a particular a bed level in the reactor body;
determine a set point indicative of a desired bed level;
determine whether the output from the level sensor is greater than or equal to the set point;
responsive to determining the output is greater than or equal to the set point, activate at least one of (a) an extractor to direct more biochar out of the reactor body and (b) a conveyer to direct less biomass into the reactor body of the biochar production system to maintain a target operating parameter value;
responsive to determining the output is not greater than or equal to the set point, activate at least one of (a) the extractor to direct less biochar out of the reactor body and (b) the conveyer to direct more biomass into the reactor body of the biochar production system to maintain the target operating parameter.

11. The biochar production system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to determine the set point from a user entry of the desired bed level.

12. The biochar production system of claim 10 , wherein the controller is configured to determine the set point from a calculated bed level based on a bin volume.

13. The biochar production system of claim 10 , wherein the controller further comprises:
a fixed input control configured to:
direct biochar out of an outlet of the reactor body of the biochar production system at an extraction speed while maintaining a fixed conveyor speed,
responsive to determining the output is greater than or meets the set point, increase the extraction speed, and
responsive to determining the output is less than the set point, decrease the extraction speed; and

a fixed output control configured to:
direct biomass into the reactor body of the biochar production system at a a variable conveyer speed while maintaining a fixed extraction speed,
responsive to determining the output is greater than or meets the set point, decrease the variable conveyer speed, and
responsive to determining the output is less than the set point, increase the variable conveyer speed.

14. The biochar production system of claim 10 , wherein the controller further comprises a limit check communicatively coupled to one or more operating sensors, the limit check configured to:
receive one or more operating characteristics of the biochar production system, the one or more operating characteristics detected by the one or more operating sensors, the one or more operating characteristics comprising at least one of a gas temperature, an auger speed, and an agitator torque;
responsive to an input limit being reached for a threshold period of time based on the one or more operating characteristics, the input limit determined by the limit check and corresponding to a limit on a fixed input control, generate an input diagnostic warning and perform one of (a) activate a fixed output control and (b) initiate a system shutdown;
responsive to an output limit being reached for the threshold period of time based on the one or more operating characteristics, the output limit determined by the limit check and corresponding to a limit on the fixed output control, generate an output limit diagnostic warning and perform one of (a) activate the fixed input control and (b) initiate a system shutdown.

Assignees

• Cummins Inc

Inventors

• Pendray John Robert
• Mitchum Gregory J
• Keene Kevin James

Classifications

• G01F23/32

  using rotatable arms or other pivotable transmission elements · CPC title

• G01F23/56

  using elements rigidly fixed to, and rectilinearly moving with, the floats as transmission elements · CPC title

• B01J2208/0061

  Controlling the level · CPC title

• C10B41/00

  Safety devices, e.g. signalling or controlling devices for use in the discharge of coke · CPC title

• C10B41/04

  by electrical means · CPC title