Wireline optical fiber sensing

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12306365-B2
Application number	US-202217988290-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 16, 2022
Priority date	Aug 29, 2018
Publication date	May 20, 2025
Grant date	May 20, 2025

Abstract

The high sensitivity provided by an enhanced DAS system comprising a DAS interrogator and a high reflectivity fiber allows for the deployment of such a high reflectivity fiber as part of a wireline intervention cable which can be temporarily lowered into a well, thus avoiding the need to permanently cement such a high reflectivity optical fiber cable into the well. Instead, such a wireline cable incorporating the high reflectivity optical fiber has been found to be sensitive enough to detect micro-seismic activity and low frequency strain with many more measurement points and channels than conventional wireline deployed geophones and tiltmeters. Additionally, the cable requires no clamping and can be easily and quickly removed from one well and placed in another well.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method of downhole acoustic surveying, the method comprising:
deploying wireline or slickline cables downhole into multiple wells in the same field, each of said cables containing an optical fiber comprising at least one first sensing region having a plurality of reflector portions distributed along its length, and at least one of said cables comprising acoustically conducting armor surrounding the optical fiber, the armor being heavy enough such that when the cable lies in a horizontal section of well it lies under the force of gravity against the bottom of the well, and is thereby acoustically connected by the well and the acoustically conducting armor to the surrounding rock strata so as to be able to receive acoustic perturbations from the rock strata;
connecting the surface ends of the optical fibers to respective distributed acoustic sensor interrogators;
operating the distributed acoustic sensor interrogators simultaneously to send optical pulses along the optical fibers and measuring the optical reflections from said reflector portions of the fibers to thereby obtain distributed acoustic sensor data from multiple wells simultaneously, the distributed acoustic sensor data being indicative of a buildup of strain in the surrounding rock strata; and
after operating the distributed acoustic sensor interrogators, disconnecting the surface end of at least one of the optical fibers from the respective interrogator and retrieving the respective cable from within the respective well.

2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said strain is low frequency strain.

3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said buildup of strain occurs prior to one or more fracturing events.

4. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising moving location to another well, and repeating the steps of the method at that other well.

5. A method according to claim 1 , wherein operating the interrogators further comprises processing the measured optical reflections to measure the relative phase, frequency and amplitude of the received light from along the length of the optical fibers to detect acoustic perturbations.

6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the optical fibers in at least one of the wells is permanently deployed in the at least one well, and at least one of the other optical fibers deployed in another of the wells is retrievable from the another well.

7. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said reflector portions comprises a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings.

8. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said armor is heavy enough such that in use the cable sinks through any liquid in the horizontal section of well until it lies under the force of gravity against the bottom of the well.

9. A method according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of said optical fibers further comprises at least one pulse transmission portion being a section of optical fiber in which no reflector portions are provided, the at least one pulse transmission portion being located between the respective distributed acoustic sensor interrogator and the at least one first sensing region, and configured in use to transport the optical signal pulses from the respective distributed acoustic sensor interrogator to the at least one first sensing region having the reflector portions.

10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein a plurality of separate first sensing regions are provided each having reflector portions formed therein, connected in series by transmission portions of fiber where no reflector portions are formed.

11. A method according to claim 1 , wherein said armor comprises at least one plurality of armor wires.

12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein said at least one plurality of armor wires comprises a plurality of inner armor wires surrounding the optical fiber and a plurality of outer armor wires surrounding the inner armor wires.

13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein said inner armor wires and said outer armor wires are helical in shape, and
wherein said inner armor wires have a different helical pitch from said outer armor wires and/or said inner armor wires have a different winding sense from said outer armor wires.

14. A method according to claim 1 , and further comprising processing the optical reflections to determine properties of any acoustic signals incident on at least one of the cables along its length.

15. A method according to claim 14 , and further comprising processing the determined properties of any acoustic signals to determine properties of any microseismic and/or drilling induced vibrations present in the vicinity of the well(s).

16. A method according to claim 14 , and further comprising processing the determined properties of any acoustic signals to determine any one or more of:
i) a poroelastic effect within the surrounding rock strata;
ii) a hydraulic fracturing pump start and/or stop time;
iii) rock fractures opening around or in the well(s) during hydraulic fracturing operations;
iv) rock fractures closing around or in the well(s) after hydraulic fracturing operations have ceased.

17. A method of downhole acoustic surveying, the method comprising:
deploying wireline or slickline cables downhole into multiple wells in the same field, each of said cables containing an optical fiber comprising at least one first sensing region having a plurality of reflector portions distributed along its length, and at least one of said cables comprising acoustically conducting armor surrounding the optical fiber, the armor being heavy enough such that when the cable lies in a horizontal section of well it lies under the force of gravity against the bottom of the well, and is thereby acoustically connected by the well and the acoustically conducting armor to the surrounding rock strata so as to be able to receive acoustic perturbations from the rock strata;
connecting the surface ends of the optical fibers to respective distributed acoustic sensor interrogators;
operating the distributed acoustic sensor interrogators simultaneously to send optical pulses along the optical fibers and measuring the optical reflections from said reflector portions of the fibers to thereby obtain distributed acoustic sensor data from multiple wells simultaneously, the distributed acoustic sensor data being indicative of low frequency strain in the surrounding rock strata; and
after operating the distributed acoustic sensor interrogators, disconnecting the surface end of at least one of the optical fibers from the respective interrogator and retrieving the respective cable from within the respective well.

18. A method of downhole acoustic surveying, the method comprising:
deploying wireline or slickline cables downhole into multiple wells in the same field, each of said cables containing an optical fiber comprising at least one first sensing region having a plurality of reflector portions distributed along its length, and at least one of said cables comprising acoustically conducting armor surrounding the optical fiber, the armor being heavy enough such that when the cable lies in a horizontal section of well it lies under the force of gravity against the bottom of the well, and is thereby acoustically connected by the well and the acoustically conducting armor to the surrounding rock strata so as to be able to receive acoustic perturbations from the rock strata;
connecting the surface ends of the optical fibers to respective distributed acoustic sensor interrogators;
operating the distributed acoustic sensor inter

Assignees

• Silixa Ltd

Inventors

• Milne Craig
• Richter Pete
• Williams Glynn
• Woerpel Craig

Classifications

• G01V1/52

  Structural details · CPC title

• G01D5/35358

  using backscattering to detect the measured quantity · CPC title

• G01V2210/1429

  Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line · CPC title

• G01V1/168

  Deployment of receiver elements (G01V1/3843 takes precedence) · CPC title

• G01D5/3538

  using a particular type of fiber, e.g. fibre with several cores, PANDA fiber, fiber with an elliptic core or the like · CPC title