Sensors including redox-active selector complexes

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12247945-B2
Application number	US-201816132336-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Sep 14, 2018
Priority date	Sep 18, 2017
Publication date	Mar 11, 2025
Grant date	Mar 11, 2025

Abstract

A sensor can include a redox-active complex. The sensor can be voltage sensitive.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A sensor comprising:
a conductive region in electrical communication with at least three electrodes,
the electrodes insulated and separated from each other with a dielectric layer having an adhesion layer thereon, the electrodes including source-drain electrodes, and
the conductive region including a conductive material and an in situ activated redox-active selector comprising a metalloporphyrin, the metalloporphyrin immobilized with respect to a carbon nanotube in the conductive material by a ligand that is covalently bound to the carbon nanotube, the redox-active selector responsive to an applied gate voltage that transiently reduces the redox-active selector such that the in situ activated redox-active selector is configured to bind an analyte more readily in a first redox state compared to a second redox state, the sensor having a selectivity to ppm levels of carbon monoxide in air and being operational in air.

2. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes a carbon material.

3. The sensor of claim 2 , wherein the carbon material includes amorphous carbon, graphene, graphite, a single walled carbon nanotube, and/or a multiwalled carbon nanotube.

4. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive material includes a conductive polymer.

5. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the analyte is carbon monoxide.

6. The sensor of claim 5 , wherein the metalloporphyrin is capable of forming a stable complex with the carbon monoxide.

7. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the metalloporphyrin includes iron.

8. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the ligand that is covalently bound to the carbon nanotube is bound to the metalloporphyrin.

9. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the ligand that is covalently bound to the carbon nanotube is a nitrogen-containing ligand.

10. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the ligand that is covalently bound to the carbon nanotube includes a pyridyl group.

11. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the redox-active selector includes an iron porphyrin complex and/or a triphenylmethyl compound.

12. The sensor of claim 1 , wherein the three electrodes include a source electrode, a drain electrode and a gate electrode.

13. A method of sensing an analyte, comprising:
exposing a sensor to a sample, the sensor including:
a conductive region in electrical communication with at least three electrodes, the electrodes insulated and separated from each other with a dielectric layer having an adhesion layer thereon, the electrodes including source-drain electrodes,
the conductive region including a conductive material and an in situ activated redox-active selector comprising a metalloporphyrin, the metalloporphyrin immobilized with respect to a carbon nanotube in the conductive material by a ligand that is covalently bound to the carbon nanotube, the redox-active selector responsive to an applied gate voltage that transiently reduces the redox-active selector such that the in situ activated redox-active selector is configured to bind an analyte in the sample more readily in a first redox state compared to a second redox state, the sensor having a selectivity to ppm levels of carbon monoxide in air and being operational in air; and
measuring an electrical property at the electrodes.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the sample is a gas.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the conductive material includes a carbon material or a conducting polymer.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the carbon material includes amorphous carbon, graphene, graphite, a single walled carbon nanotube, and/or a multiwalled carbon nanotube.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the analyte is carbon monoxide or a sulfide.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the metalloporphyrin is capable of forming a stable complex with the carbon monoxide.

19. The method of claim 13 , further comprising applying a negative gate voltage.

20. A method of preparing a sensor comprising:
forming a conductive region in electrical communication with at least three electrodes, the electrodes insulated and separated from each other with a dielectric layer having an adhesion layer thereon, the electrodes including source-drain electrodes,
the conductive region including a conductive material and an in situ activated redox-active selector comprising a metalloporphyrin, the metalloporphyrin immobilized with respect to a carbon nanotube in the conductive material by a ligand that is covalently bound to the carbon nanotube, the redox-active selector responsive to an applied gate voltage that transiently reduces the redox-active selector such that the in situ activated redox-active selector is configured to bind an analyte more readily in a first redox state compared to a second redox state, the sensor having a selectivity to ppm levels of carbon monoxide in air and being operational in air.

Assignees

• Massachusetts Inst Technology
• Univ King Abdullah Sci & Tech

Inventors

• Swager Timothy M
• Savagatrup Suchol
• Schroder Vera
• He Maggie
• Lin Sibo
• Zhang Xi-Xiang
• Salama Khaled N

Classifications

• G01N33/004

  CO or CO2 · CPC title

• G01N27/4146

  involving nanosized elements, e.g. nanotubes, nanowires · CPC title

• G01N27/308

  at least partially made of carbon · CPC title

• G01N27/48

  using polarography, i.e. measuring changes in current under a slowly-varying voltage · CPC title

• G01N27/4141 Primary

  specially adapted for gases · CPC title