Analyte sensors and sensing methods for dual detection of glucose and ethanol

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12220235-B2
Application number	US-202016774909-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 28, 2020
Priority date	Jan 28, 2019
Publication date	Feb 11, 2025
Grant date	Feb 11, 2025

Abstract

Multiple enzymes may be present in one or more active areas of an electrochemical analyte sensor for detecting one or more different analytes. In particular, an analyte sensor may comprise a sensor tail configured for insertion into a tissue and one or more working electrodes having a glucose-responsive active area and an ethanol-responsive active area to detect glucose and ethanol in vivo.

First claim

What is claimed is the following:

1. An analyte sensor comprising:
a) a working electrode;
b) a glucose-responsive active area disposed upon a surface of the working electrode, the glucose-responsive active area comprising a glucose-responsive active enzyme capable of generating a first signal at the working electrode proportional to a glucose concentration;
c) an ethanol-responsive active area comprising:
i) a first active area disposed directly upon the surface of the working electrode spaced apart from the glucose-responsive active area, the first active area comprising xanthine oxidase and an electron transfer agent, in amounts sufficient to react with acetaldehyde to generate a second signal at the working electrode proportional to an alcohol concentration; and
ii) a second active area isolated from the working electrode, the second active area comprising glucose oxidase and catalase in amounts sufficient to form acetaldehyde upon exposure to ethanol;

d) a first membrane permeable to acetaldehyde disposed upon the first active area; and
e) a second membrane permeable to glucose and ethanol disposed upon the glucose-responsive active area and the second active area,
wherein the second active area is disposed directly upon the first membrane, and
wherein the sensor is configured to be partially inserted into a user's skin.

2. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first and second membranes comprise a polyvinylpyridine, a polyvinylimidazole, or any copolymer thereof.

3. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first membrane comprises polyvinylpyridine and the second membrane comprises polyvinylpyridine-co-styrene.

4. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the xanthine oxidase is covalently bound to a first polymer, and the glucose oxidase is covalently bound to a second polymer.

5. The analyte sensor of claim 4 , wherein the electron transfer agent is covalently bound to the first polymer.

6. The analyte sensor of claim 5 , wherein the electron transfer agent comprises an osmium complex.

7. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first active area further comprises catalase.

8. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the glucose-responsive enzyme is glucose oxidase or glucose dehydrogenase.

9. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a control module in communication with the analyte sensor and an electrical system of a vehicle, the control module including a computer system programmed to receive and process data provided by the analyte sensor,
wherein operation of the vehicle is controlled or disabled by the computer system when a real-time measured analyte level of the operator crosses a predetermined safe threshold.

10. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the glucose-responsive active area further comprises a second electron transfer agent.

11. A method comprising:
exposing an analyte sensor to a body fluid comprising at least one of glucose and ethanol, the analyte sensor comprising:
a) a working electrode;
b) a glucose-responsive active area disposed upon a surface of the working electrode, the glucose-responsive active area comprising a glucose-responsive active enzyme capable of generating a first signal at the working electrode proportional to a glucose concentration;
c) an ethanol-responsive active area comprising:
i) a first active area disposed directly upon the surface of the working electrode spaced apart from the glucose-responsive active area, the first active area comprising xanthine oxidase and an electron transfer agent, in amounts sufficient to react with acetaldehyde to generate a second signal at the working electrode proportional to an alcohol concentration; and
ii) a second active area isolated from the working electrode, the second active area comprising glucose oxidase and catalase in amounts sufficient to form acetaldehyde upon exposure to ethanol;

d) a first membrane permeable to acetaldehyde disposed upon the first active area;
e) a second membrane permeable to glucose and ethanol disposed upon the glucose-responsive active area and the second active area, and

detecting a first signal proportional to a glucose concentration and the second signal proportional to an ethanol concentration,
wherein the second active area is disposed directly upon the first membrane, and
wherein the sensor is configured to be partially inserted into a user's skin.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the glucose-responsive active area further comprises a second electron transfer agent.

Assignees

• Abbott Diabetes Care Inc

Inventors

• Ouyang Tianmei
• Feldman Benjamin J
• Cho Hyun
• Tran Lam N
• Oja Stephen
• Kiaie Namvar

Classifications

• A61B5/4845

  Toxicology, e.g. by detection of alcohol, drug or toxic products (A61B5/4848 takes precedence) · CPC title

• A61B5/14532 Primary

  for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement · CPC title

• B60K28/066

  actuating a signalling device (B60K28/063 takes precedence) · CPC title

• B60K28/06

  responsive to incapacity of driver · CPC title

• B60K28/063

  preventing starting of vehicles · CPC title