Positive electrode active material and battery including the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12057564-B2
Application number	US-202117152801-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 20, 2021
Priority date	Aug 31, 2018
Publication date	Aug 6, 2024
Grant date	Aug 6, 2024

Abstract

A positive electrode active material includes a lithium composite oxide having a crystal structure belonging to the space group Fd-3m and has an integrated intensity ratio I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°) of greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.90 and an integrated intensity ratio I(63°-65°)/I(17°-19°) of greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 2.0. The integrated intensity ratio I(18°-20°)/I(43°-46°) is a ratio of an integrated intensity I(18°-20°) to an integrated intensity I(43°-46°). The integrated intensity ratio I(63°-65°)/I(17°-19°) is a ratio of an integrated intensity I(63°-65°) to an integrated intensity I(17°-19°). The integrated intensity I(A°-B°) is an integrated intensity of a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to A° and less than or equal to B° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A positive electrode active material comprising:
a lithium composite oxide,
wherein the lithium composite oxide includes a first lithium composite oxide and a second lithium composite oxide different from the first lithium composite oxide,
wherein the first lithium composite oxide has a crystal structure belonging to space group Fd-3m,
wherein at least a part of a surface of the first lithium composite oxide is covered with the second lithium composite oxide, and
wherein the second lithium composite oxide has a crystal structure belonging to space group Fd-3m,
wherein the first lithium composite oxide has an average composition represented by composition formula Li x Me y O α Q β ,
where
Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, V, Nb, Mo, Ti, Cr, Zr, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pt, Au, Ag, Ru, W, B, Si, P, and Al,
Q is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, N, and S,
1.05≤ x ≤1.4,

0.6≤ y≤ 0.95,

1.2≤α≤2, and

0≤β≤0.8,

wherein the following mathematical formulas (I) and (II) are satisfied:
0.05≤Integrated intensity ratio I (18°-20°) /I (43°-46°) ≤0.90  (I), and

0.8≤Integrated intensity ratio I (63°-65°) /I (17°-19°) ≤2.0  (II),

where the integrated intensity ratio I (18°-20°) /I (43°-46°) is a ratio of an integrated intensity I (18°-20°) to an integrated intensity I (43°-46°) ,
the integrated intensity ratio I (63°-65°) /I (17°-19°) is a ratio of an integrated intensity I (63°-65°) to an integrated intensity I (17°-19°) ,
the integrated intensity I (18°-20°) is an integrated intensity of a first peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 18° and less than or equal to 20° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material,
the integrated intensity I (43°-46°) is an integrated intensity of a second peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 43° and less than or equal to 46° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material,
the integrated intensity I (63°-65°) is an integrated intensity of a third peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 63° and less than or equal to 65° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material, and
the integrated intensity I (17°-19°) is an integrated intensity of a fourth peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 19° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material.

2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the integrated intensity ratio I (18°-20°) /I (43°-46°) is greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.70.

3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 2 ,
wherein the integrated intensity ratio I (18°-20°) /I (43°-46°) is greater than or equal to 0.05 and less than or equal to 0.30.

4. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the integrated intensity ratio I (63°-65°) /I (17°-19°) is greater than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.6.

5. A positive electrode active material comprising:
a lithium composite oxide,
wherein the lithium composite oxide includes a first lithium composite oxide and a second lithium composite oxide different from the first lithium composite oxide,
wherein the first lithium composite oxide is a multiphase mixture including a first phase having a crystal structure belonging to space group Fm-3m and a second phase having a crystal structure belonging to a space group other than space group Fm-3m,
wherein at least a part of a surface of the first lithium composite oxide is covered with the second lithium composite oxide, and
wherein the second lithium composite oxide has a crystal structure belonging to space group Fd-3m,
wherein the first lithium composite oxide has an average composition represented by composition formula Li x Me y O α Q β ,
where
Me is at least one selected from the group consisting of Mn, Co, Ni, Fe, Cu, V, Nb, Mo, Ti, Cr, Zr, Zn, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Pt, Au, Ag, Ru, W, B, Si, P, and Al,
Q is at least one selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, N, and S,
1.05≤ x ≤1.4,

0.6≤ y≤ 0.95,

1.2≤α≤2, and

0≤β≤0.8,

wherein the following mathematical formulas (I) and (II) are satisfied:
0.05≤Integrated intensity ratio I (18°-20°) /I (43°-46°) ≤0.90  (I), and

0.8≤Integrated intensity ratio I (63°-65°) /I (17°-19°) ≤2.0  (II),

where the integrated intensity ratio I (18°-20°) /I (43°-46°) is a ratio of an integrated intensity I (18°-20°) to an integrated intensity I (43°-46°) ,
the integrated intensity ratio I (63°-65°) /I (17°-19°) is a ratio of an integrated intensity I (63°-65°) to an integrated intensity I (17°-19°) ,
the integrated intensity I (18°-20°) is an integrated intensity of a first peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 18° and less than or equal to 20° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material,
the integrated intensity I (43°-46°) is an integrated intensity of a second peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 43° and less than or equal to 46° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material,
the integrated intensity I (63°-65°) is an integrated intensity of a third peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 63° and less than or equal to 65° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material, and
the integrated intensity I (17°-19°) is an integrated intensity of a fourth peak that is a maximum peak present in a range of angle of diffraction 2θ greater than or equal to 17° and less than or equal to 19° in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the positive electrode active material.

6. The positive electrode active material according to claim 5 ,
wherein the crystal structure of the second phase belongs to at least one selected from the group consisting of space group Fd-3m, space group R-3m, and space group C2/m.

7. The positive electrode active material according to claim 6 ,
wherein the crystal structure of the second phase belongs to space group Fd-3m.

8. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the second lithium composite oxide is mixed with at least a part of the surface of the first lithium composite oxide to form a solid solution.

9. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein a molar ratio of the second lithium composite oxide to the first lithium composite oxide is less than or equal to 50%.

10. The positive electrode active material according to claim 9 ,
wherein the molar ratio is greater than or equal to 6% and less than or equal to 29%.

11. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the second lithium composite oxide has a thickness of greater than or equal to 0.1 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm.

12. The positive electrode active material according to claim 11 ,
wherein the second lithium composite oxide has a thickness of greater than or equal to 0.5 nm and less than or equal to 6 nm.

13. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the first lithium composite oxide further includes Mn.

14. The positive electrode

Assignees

• Panasonic Ip Man Co Ltd

Inventors

• Uchida Shuhei
• Natsui Ryuichi
• Nakura Kensuke

Classifications

• H01M4/364

  as mixtures · CPC title

• H01M4/366

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M2004/028

  Positive electrodes · CPC title

• H01M10/0525 Primary

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title