System and method for smoothing photovoltaic generation intermittency

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12051904-B2
Application number	US-202218087199-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 22, 2022
Priority date	Dec 23, 2021
Publication date	Jul 30, 2024
Grant date	Jul 30, 2024

Abstract

The present invention provides a system and method for smoothing photovoltaic power generation. Photovoltaic power plants have the inherent problem of generation intermittency caused by the variation in weather conditions over a period of seconds, minutes, and hours. This intermittency results in a variability of active power injection into the electrical grid by the photovoltaic power plant.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A system for smoothing photovoltaic generation intermittency characterized in that it comprises secondary converter, battery bank, photovoltaic array, primary converter, instrumentation system, microcontroller, drivers, external electrical network or grid, and measurements.

2. The system, according to claim 1 , wherein a DC-side terminals of a photovoltaic power plant converter is connected to terminals of the photovoltaic array.

3. The system, according to claim 2 , wherein a DC-side positive terminal of a storage system converter connects to a DC-side negative terminal of the photovoltaic power plant converter.

4. The system, according to claim 3 , wherein the DC-side negative terminal of a storage system converter connects to a negative terminal of the battery bank.

5. The system, according to claim 4 , wherein a positive terminal of the battery bank is connected to the DC-side positive terminal of the photovoltaic system, being at the same electric point of the positive terminal of the photovoltaic power plant converter and the positive terminal of the photovoltaic array.

6. The system, according to claim 5 , wherein the DC link of the photovoltaic power plant is connected in series with the DC link of the secondary converter.

7. The system, according to claim 6 , wherein both the storage system converter and the photovoltaic power plant converter are connected to an AC side of the electrical grid through independent filters.

8. The system, according to claim 7 , wherein both the storage system converter and the photovoltaic power plant converter may use or not transformers to adjust AC voltage levels.

9. The system, according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary converter also has a DC contactor, to automatically connect or disconnect it from a DC side of the system.

10. The system, according to claim 1 , wherein the primary converter controller, during system operation, is responsible for imposing a DC voltage of the photovoltaic array to extract its maximum available power.

11. The system, according to claim 1 , wherein the secondary converter controls a battery bank power by controlling a voltage of its DC terminals.

12. A method for smoothing photovoltaic generation intermittency, wherein the method comprises:
operating a secondary converter in a four-layer cascaded control;
controlling AC currents of the secondary converter by a first control layer;
regulating a DC link voltage of the secondary converter by a second control layer;
controlling a battery bank current by a third control layer; and
generating a reference battery bank current, by a fourth control layer, by considering a power ramp.

13. The method, according to claim 12 , wherein the third control layer controls the battery bank current by providing a reference DC voltage to the second control layer.

14. The method, according to claim 3 , wherein the battery bank current controller modifies the reference DC voltage to change the current flowing from a storage system to the DC link of the secondary converter.

15. The method, according to claim 4 , wherein a reference power injected into a power grid and the battery bank and a corresponding disturbance power on the primary converter, at a lower frequency than the rest of the four-layer cascade control, are calculated in order to meet a criterion of maximum rate of change of active power injected into the grid, wherein the reference power is a product between battery bank current and primary converter DC-link voltage.

16. The method, according to claim 15 , wherein a reference battery bank power is calculated as a measured bank-supplied power plus a difference between the reference power injected into the grid and a measured grid injected power.

17. The method, according to claim 16 , wherein an equation to calculate the reference battery bank power is calculated with at least one of the following equations: P batref =P bat +P gref −P g or, ignoring losses, P batref =P gref −P pv , wherein P pv is the power injected by a photovoltaic array.

18. The method, according to claim 17 , wherein the reference power injected into the grid is calculated in order to guarantee a maximum rate of change, with an integral of a rate of change TV(t), which is limited in absolute value by the value desired by the operator: ±TV max .

19. The method, according to claim 18 , wherein the maximum rate of change is calculated as a linear combination between the current power supplied by the battery bank and its deviation from a reference state of charge, but limited by the maximum rate of change value of the grid power.

20. The method, according to claim 19 , wherein a calculation frequency of the reference power injected into the grid is lower than that of the maximum power point tracking system of the primary converter.

21. The method, according to claim 20 , wherein the battery bank current is calculated by the equation: I bat =P dis /V dc , wherein I bat variables is the battery bank current, P dis is the disturbance power on the primary converter, and V dc is the DC link voltage of the primary converter.

22. The method, according to claim 21 , wherein the operation of the four control layers of the secondary converter are divided into two operating modes.

23. The method, according to claim 22 , wherein the first operating mode has only layers one and two activated to load the DC link of the secondary converter at a voltage level given by the difference between the DC voltages of the storage system and the photovoltaic array.

24. The method, according to claim 23 , wherein the secondary converter control activates a DC contactor by closing a circuit on a DC side of the system, electrically connecting the storage system and a photovoltaic power plant to the converter, after a first system initialization phase for smoothing photovoltaic power generation, when the DC voltage reaches the reference point.

25. The method, according to claim 24 , wherein the system for smoothing photovoltaic power generation starts operating with the four control layers, making small variations around the operating point, around the DC voltage of the secondary converter, carrying out the power control of the storage system.

Assignees

• Petroleo Brasileiro Sa Petrobras
• Univ Federal Do Rio De Janeiro—Ufrj
• Petroleo Brasileiro S A —Petrobras

Inventors

• Aredes Mauricio
• Barbosa Rolim Luís Guilherme
• Francisco Da Silva Leonardo
• Figueiredo Gontijo Gustavo
• Wanderley França Bruno
• Cardoso Tricarico Thiago
• Da Silva Neves Marcello
• Ramos De Castro André
• Guido Araujo Rodrigo

Classifications

• H02J2101/25

  involving maximum power point tracking control for photovoltaic sources · CPC title

• H02J7/933

  the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters · CPC title

• H02J7/80 Primary

  including monitoring or indicating arrangements · CPC title

• H02J2101/24

  Photovoltaics · CPC title

• H02J3/381

  Dispersed generators · CPC title