Analyte sensors employing multiple enzymes and methods associated therewith

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12048539-B2
Application number	US-202016774841-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 28, 2020
Priority date	Jan 28, 2019
Publication date	Jul 30, 2024
Grant date	Jul 30, 2024

Abstract

Multiple enzymes may be present in the active area(s) of an electrochemical sensor to facilitate analysis of one or more analytes. The multiple enzymes may function independently to detect several analytes or in concert to detect a single analyte. One sensor configuration includes a first active area and a second active area, where the first active area has an oxidation-reduction potential that is sufficiently separated from the oxidation-reduction potential of the second active area to allow independent signal production. Some sensor configurations may have an active area overcoated with a multi-component membrane containing two or more different membrane polymers. Sensor configurations having multiple enzymes capable of interacting in concert include those in which a first enzyme converts an analyte into a first product and a second enzyme converts the first product into a second product, thereby generating a signal at a working electrode that is proportional to the analyte concentration.

First claim

What is claimed is the following:

1. An analyte sensor comprising:
a sensor tail comprising:
a) a working electrode;
b) an ethanol-responsive active area comprising:
i. a first active area disposed directly upon the surface of the working electrode, the first active area comprising xanthine oxidase and an electron transfer agent, in amounts sufficient to react with acetaldehyde to generate a signal at the working electrode proportional to an alcohol concentration; and
ii. a second active area isolated from the working electrode, the second active area comprising glucose oxidase and catalase in amounts sufficient to form acetaldehyde upon exposure to alcohol; and

c) a first membrane permeable to acetaldehyde disposed upon the first active area.

2. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , further comprising a second membrane permeable to glucose and alcohol.

3. The analyte sensor of claim 2 , wherein the second membrane is a crosslinked crosslinked polyvinylpyridine-co-styrene polymer.

4. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second membrane is disposed over the second active area.

5. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first active area further includes catalase.

6. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first membrane is disposed directly upon the first active area, the second active area is disposed directly upon the first membrane, and the second membrane is disposed directly upon the second active area.

7. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second active area is stacked vertically on top of the first active area separated by the first membrane.

8. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first membrane is a crosslinked polyvinylpyridine homopolymer or copolymer.

9. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the first active area comprises a first polymer.

10. The analyte sensor of claim 9 , wherein the xanthine oxidase is covalently bonded to the first polymer.

11. The analyte sensor of claim 9 , wherein the electron transfer agent is covalently bonded to the first polymer.

12. The analyte sensor of claim 1 , wherein the second active area comprises a second polymer.

13. The analyte sensor of claim 12 , wherein the glucose oxidase is covalently bonded to the second polymer.

14. An analyte sensor comprising:
a sensor tail configured for insertion into a tissue and comprising at least a working electrode; and
at least two active areas disposed on the sensor tail, each active area comprising an enzyme, an electron transfer agent, and a polymer;
wherein the enzyme in each active area is different and responsive to different analytes; and
wherein each active area has an oxidation-reduction potential, and the oxidation-reduction potential of a first active area is sufficiently separated from the oxidation-reduction potential of a second active area to allow production of a signal from the first active area independent of production of a signal from the second active area.

15. The analyte sensor of claim 14 , wherein the oxidation-reduction potential of the first active area is separated from the oxidation-reduction potential of the second active area by at least about 100 mV.

16. The analyte sensor of claim 14 , wherein the first active area comprises a first electron transfer agent and the second active area comprises a second electron transfer agent different from the first electron transfer agent.

17. The analyte sensor of claim 14 , wherein the first and second active areas are overcoated with a mass transport limiting membrane, the first active area being overcoated with a single membrane polymer and the second active area being overcoated with two or more different membrane polymers.

18. The analyte sensor of claim 14 , further comprising:
a control module in communication with the analyte sensor and an electrical system of a vehicle, the control module including a computer system programmed to receive and process data provided by the analyte sensor,
wherein operation of the vehicle is controlled or disabled by the computer system when a real-time measured analyte level of the operator crosses a predetermined safe threshold.

19. An analyte sensor comprising:
a sensor tail comprising:
a) a working electrode; and
b) an ethanol-responsive active area comprising:
i. a first active area disposed directly upon the surface of the working electrode, the first active area comprising xanthine oxidase, an electron transfer agent, and catalase, in amounts sufficient to react with acetaldehyde to generate a signal at the working electrode proportional to an alcohol concentration; and
ii. a second active area isolated from the working electrode, the second active area comprising glucose oxidase and catalase in amounts sufficient to form acetaldehyde upon exposure to alcohol;

c) a first membrane permeable to acetaldehyde disposed upon the first active area; and
d) a second membrane permeable to glucose and alcohol disposed over the second active area.

Assignees

• Abbott Diabetes Care Inc

Inventors

• Oja Stephen
• Ouyang Tianmei
• Cho Hyun
• Feldman Benjamin J
• Kiaie Namvar

Classifications

• G01N27/3271

  Amperometric enzyme electrodes for analytes in body fluids, e.g. glucose in blood (amperometry per se G01N27/49; aspects concerning the enzyme reagent C12Q1/001) · CPC title

• A61B5/6848

  Needles · CPC title

• A61B5/6846

  specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive · CPC title

• A61B5/14546

  for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes · CPC title

• A61B5/14532

  for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement · CPC title