Electrode material, electrode, secondary battery, battery pack, and vehicle

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-12040475-B2
Application number	US-202117155343-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 22, 2021
Priority date	May 28, 2020
Publication date	Jul 16, 2024
Grant date	Jul 16, 2024

Abstract

According to one embodiment, an electrode material is provided. The electrode material includes active material particle containing: a niobium-titanium composite oxide having an average composition in which a molar ratio of niobium to titanium (M Nb /M Ti ) is greater than 2; and at least one element A selected from the group consisting of potassium, iron and phosphorus. The active material particle contain the element A at a concentration in the range of 100 ppm to 2000 ppm.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrode material comprising active material particles, wherein the active material particles comprise:
a niobium-titanium composite oxide having an average composition in which a molar ratio of niobium to titanium (M Nb /M Ti ) is greater than 2; and
at least one element A selected from the group consisting of potassium, iron and phosphorus,
wherein the active material particles comprise the at least one element A at a concentration in a range of 100 ppm to 2000 ppm, and the concentration of the at least one element A represents mass [mg/kg] of the at least one element A contained in the active material particles,
wherein the active material particles have a ratio of D10/D50 to D50/D90 ((D10/D50)/(D50/D90)) which is less than 0.6 in a grain size distribution chart according to a laser diffraction/scattering method.

2. The electrode material according to claim 1 , wherein the niobium-titanium composite oxide comprises at least one crystal phase selected from the group consisting of an Nb 2 TiO 7 phase having a composition in which the molar ratio of niobium to titanium (M Nb /M Ti ) is greater than 2, an Nb 10 Ti 20 O 29 phase, an Nb 14 TiO 37 phase and an Nb 24 TiO 62 phase.

3. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the niobium-titanium composite oxide comprises an Nb 2 TiO 7 phase having a composition in which the molar ratio of niobium to titanium (M Nb /M Ti ) is greater than 2,
a diffraction diagram for the niobium-titanium composite oxide obtained by powder X-ray diffraction using a Cu-Kα radiation source has a high-angle side peak P H and a low-angle side peak P L in a range of 2θ=44°±1.0°, and
a ratio (I H /I L ) of a peak intensity I H of the high-angle side peak P H to a peak intensity I L of the low-angle side peak P L is less than 1.

4. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the niobium-titanium composite oxide comprises at least one crystal phase selected from the group consisting of an Nb 10 Ti 2 O 29 phase, an Nb 14 TiO 37 phase and an Nb 24 TiO 62 phase,
a diffraction diagram for the niobium-titanium composite oxide obtained by powder X-ray diffraction using a Cu-Kμ radiation source has a high-angle side peak P H and a low-angle side peak P L in a range of 2θ=44°±1.0°, and
a ratio (I H /I L ) of a peak intensity I H of the high-angle side peak P H to a peak intensity I L of the low-angle side peak P L is less than 1.5.

5. The electrode material according to claim 1 , wherein a crystallite diameter of the niobium-titanium composite oxide is in a range of 95 nm to 130 nm.

6. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the active material particles have D10 in a range of 0.3 μm to 2.0 μm in the grain size distribution chart obtained by the laser diffraction/scattering method.

7. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the active material particles have D90 in a range of 5 μm to 30 μm in the grain size distribution chart obtained by the laser diffraction/scattering method.

8. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the active material particles have a ratio of D10 to D50 (D10/D50) in a range of 0.10 to 0.60 and a ratio of D50 to D90 (D50/D90) in a range of 0.20 to 0.50 in the grain size distribution chart obtained by the laser diffraction/scattering method.

9. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the niobium-titanium composite oxide comprises at least one compound selected from the group consisting of general formula Nb 2 M2 z Ti 1-z O 7 , general formula Nb 10-x M1 x Ti 2-y M2 y O 29 , general formula Nb 14-x M1 x Ti 1-y M2 y O 37 , and general formula Nb 24-x M1 x Ti 1-y M2 y O 62 , and
the M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ta, Ti, V, Mo and W; the M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Sn; the x satisfies 0≤x≤5; the y satisfies 0≤y≤1.0, and the z satisfies 0<z<1.

10. An electrode comprising the electrode material according to claim 1 .

11. The electrode according to claim 10 , wherein the electrode comprises an active material-containing layer comprising the electrode material.

12. A secondary battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
an electrolyte,
wherein the negative electrode is the electrode according to claim 10 .

13. A battery pack comprising the secondary battery according to claim 12 .

14. The battery pack according to claim 13 , further comprising:
an external power distribution terminal; and
a protective circuit.

15. The battery pack according to claim 13 , comprising a plurality of the secondary battery, wherein the secondary batteries are electrically connected in series, in parallel, or in combination of in series and in parallel.

16. A vehicle comprising the battery pack according to claim 13 .

17. The vehicle according to claim 16 , which comprises a mechanism configured to convert kinetic energy of the vehicle into regenerative energy.

18. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one element A is present in a higher concentration at a particle interface of the active material particle.

19. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one element A comprises potassium.

20. The electrode material according to claim 1 ,
wherein the at least one element A comprises potassium and phosphorus.

Assignees

• Toshiba Kk

Inventors

• Harada Yasuhiro
• Yoshima Kazuomi
• Takami Norio

Classifications

• H01M2004/021

  Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area · CPC title

• H01M50/503

  characterised by the shape of the interconnectors · CPC title

• H01M2220/20

  Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title