Mesoporous nanocrystalline film architecture for capacitive storage devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11978591-B2
Application number	US-202016920302-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 2, 2020
Priority date	Jan 9, 2009
Publication date	May 7, 2024
Grant date	May 7, 2024

Abstract

A mesoporous, nanocrystalline, metal oxide construct particularly suited for capacitive energy storage that has an architecture with short diffusion path lengths and large surface areas and a method for production are provided. Energy density is substantially increased without compromising the capacitive charge storage kinetics and electrode demonstrates long term cycling stability. Charge storage devices with electrodes using the construct can use three different charge storage mechanisms immersed in an electrolyte: (1) cations can be stored in a thin double layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface (non-faradaic mechanism); (2) cations can interact with the bulk of an electroactive material which then undergoes a redox reaction or phase change, as in conventional batteries (faradaic mechanism); or (3) cations can electrochemically adsorb onto the surface of a material through charge transfer processes (faradaic mechanism).

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A charge storage device, comprising:
(a) one or more nanostructured, mesoporous electrodes;
(b) at least one of said electrodes comprising:
(i) an electrically conductive substrate;
(ii) at least one mesoporous, nanocrystalline material with a plurality of pores, said pores having nanocrystalline walls, said pores being flexible whereby strain associated with charging and discharging is alleviated; and
(iii) a nanoscale conducting material in contact with said mesoporous nanocrystalline material and said electrically conductive substrate;
(iv) wherein said at least one mesoporous, nanocrystalline material comprises an assembly of one or more mesoporous oxide nanocrystals between layers of graphene or reduced chemically-derived graphene oxide (rGO).

2. The charge storage device of claim 1 ,
wherein said mesoporous nanocrystalline material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, transition metal oxides, and mixed metal oxides consisting of chromium oxides (CrOx), indium oxides (IrOx), molybdenum oxides (MoOx), niobium oxides (NbOx), ruthenium oxides (RuOx), titanium oxides (TiOx), manganese oxides (MnOx), iron oxides (FeOx), nickel oxides (NiOx), vanadium oxides (VOx), copper oxides (CuOx), zinc oxides (ZnOx), cobalt oxides (CoOx), and mixtures of one or more of said metal oxides.

3. A charge storage device, comprising:
(a) one or more nanostructured electrodes;
(b) at least one of said electrodes comprising:
(i) an electrically conductive substrate;
(ii) a nanocrystalline material with a plurality of pores, said pores having nanocrystalline walls, said pores being flexible whereby strain associated with charging and discharging is alleviated; and
(iii) a nanoscale conducting material in contact with said nanocrystalline material and said electrically conductive substrate;
(iv) wherein a full cell formed of positive and negative electrodes performs state of charge (SOC) greater than 95% within 12 min or 5 C-rate, 92% within 6 min or 10 C-rate, 90% within 3 min or 20 C-rate, 86% within 2 min or 30 C-rate, 80% within 1 min or 60 C-rate in a lithium-ion or sodium-ion battery system.

4. The charge storage device of claim 3 ,
wherein said nanocrystalline material comprises a material selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, transition metal oxides, and mixed metal oxides.

Assignees

• Univ California

Inventors

• Dunn Bruce S
• Tolbert Sarah H
• Wang John
• Brezesinski Torsten
• Gruner George

Classifications

• H01G11/84 Primary

  Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof · CPC title

• H01G11/24

  characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor · CPC title

• H01G11/26

  characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features · CPC title

• H01G11/28

  arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives · CPC title

• H01G11/36

  Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes · CPC title