Nonaqueous electrolytic solution, lithium-ion battery, battery module, battery pack, and apparatus

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11949073-B2
Application number	US-202017132591-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Dec 23, 2020
Priority date	Sep 28, 2018
Publication date	Apr 2, 2024
Grant date	Apr 2, 2024

Abstract

This application provides a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, a lithium-ion battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an apparatus. The nonaqueous electrolytic solution includes a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt. The nonaqueous solvent includes a carbonate solvent and a high-oxidation-potential solvent. The carbonate solvent is a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, and the high-oxidation-potential solvent is selected from one or more of compounds denoted by Formula I and Formula II. This application improves electrochemical performance of the lithium-ion battery under a high temperature and a high voltage as well as safety performance such as overcharge safety and hot-oven safety of the lithium-ion battery, and also ensures kinetic performance of the lithium-ion battery to some extent.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A lithium-ion battery, comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, wherein the nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprises a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt; and
the nonaqueous solvent comprises a carbonate solvent and a high-oxidation-potential solvent, the carbonate solvent is a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, and the high-oxidation-potential solvent is selected from one or more of compounds denoted by Formula I and Formula II:

in Formula I, R 1 and R 2 are separately selected from unsubstituted, partially halogenated, or fully halogenated alkyls that comprise 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of R 1 or R 2 is a partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkyl that comprises 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
in Formula II, R 3 is selected from partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkylidenes that comprise 4 to 6 carbon atoms;
a halogen atom thereof is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I;
the chain carbonate is selected from the group consisting of an ethyl methyl carbonate, a methyl propyl carbonate, a methyl isopropyl carbonate, a methyl butyl carbonate, an ethylene propyl carbonate, a dimethyl carbonate, a diethyl carbonate, a dipropyl carbonate, a dibutyl carbonate, or any combinations thereof;
the cyclic carbonate is selected from the group consisting of an ethylene carbonate, a propylene carbonate, or a combination thereof;
based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent, a weight percent content of the cyclic carbonate is 2-10%, a weight percent content of the linear carbonate is 35-65%, and a weight percent content of the high-oxidation-potential solvent is 10%-60%.

2. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the positive electrode plate comprises one or more of Li 1+x Ni a Co b M′ (1−a−b) O 2−c Y c and Li 1+y Ni m Mn n M″ 2−m−n O 4−p Z p ,
wherein
−0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.6≤a≤1, 0≤b<1, 0≤(1−a−b)<1, 0≤c<1, M′ is selected from the group consisting of Mn, Al, Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Sc, Ti, Zr, and any combination thereof, and Y is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and any combination thereof; and
−0.1≤y≤0.2, 0.4≤m≤1.2, 0.8≤n≤1.6, 0≤(2−m−n)≤0.3, 0≤p≤1, M″ is selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Sc, Ti, Zr, and any combination thereof, and Z is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, and Br, and any combinations thereof.

3. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in Formula I, R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of —CH 3 , —CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CF 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CH 3 , and —CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , and at least one of R 1 or R 2 is —CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CH 3 , and —CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 ;
in Formula II, R 3 is selected from the group consisting of —CHFCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHF—, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCH 2 CHFCHF—, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHF—, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, or —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )CH 2 CHFCH 2 —.

4. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 3 , wherein the high-oxidation-potential solvent is selected from the group consisting of:

and any combinations thereof.

5. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein, based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent, the weight percent content of the high-oxidation-potential solvent is 20%-40%.

6. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein a weight ratio of the chain carbonate to the cyclic carbonate is 80:1 to 1:1.

7. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein, based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent, the weight percent content of the cyclic carbonate is 3%-8%.

8. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the nonaqueous electrolytic solution further comprises a film-forming additive;
the film-forming additive is selected from the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate compound with an unsaturated bond, a halogenated cyclic carbonate compound, a sulfate compound, a sulfite compound, a sultone compound, a disulfonate compound, a nitrile compound, an aromatic compound, an isocyanate compound, a phosphazene compound, a cyclic anhydride compound, a phosphite compound, a phosphate compound, a borate compound, a carboxylic acid ester compound, and any combinations thereof.

9. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 8 , wherein
the film-forming additive comprises an ethylene sulfate and a fluoroethylene carbonate.

10. A battery module, comprising a lithium-ion battery, wherein the lithium-ion battery comprises a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution comprises a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt; and
the nonaqueous solvent comprises a carbonate solvent and a high-oxidation-potential solvent, the carbonate solvent is a mixture of a cyclic carbonate and a chain carbonate, and the high-oxidation-potential solvent is selected from one or more of compounds denoted by Formula I and Formula II:

in Formula I, R 1 and R 2 are separately selected from unsubstituted, partially halogenated, or fully halogenated alkyls that comprise 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of R 1 or R 2 is a partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkyl that comprises 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
in Formula II, R 3 is selected from partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkylidenes that comprise 4 to 6 carbon atoms;
a halogen atom thereof is selected from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, or I;
the chain carbonate is selected from the group consisting of an ethyl methyl carbonate, a methyl propyl carbonate, a methyl isopropyl carbonate, a methyl butyl carbonate, an ethylene propyl carbonate, a dimethyl carbonate, a diethyl carbonate, a dipropyl carbonate, a dibutyl carbonate, or any combinations thereof;
the cyclic carbonate is selected from the group consisting of an ethylene carbonate, a propylene carbonate, or a combination thereof;
based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent, a weight percent content of the cyclic carbonate is 2-10%, a weight percent content of the linear carbonate is 35-65%, and a weight percent content of the high-oxidation-potential solvent is 10%-60%.

11. The battery module according to claim 10 , wherein
the positive electrode plate comprises one or more of Li 1+x Ni a Co b M′ (1−a−b) O 2−c Y c or Li 1+y Ni m Mn n M″ 2−m−n O 4−p Z p ,
wherein
−0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.6≤a≤1, 0≤b≤1, 0≤(1−a−b)<1, 0≤c<1, M′ is selected

Assignees

• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd
• Contemporaty Amperex Tech Co Limited

Inventors

• Chen Peipei
• Fu Chenghua
• Feng Junmin
• Liang Chengdu

Classifications

• H01M10/0569 Primary

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• H01M4/485

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) · CPC title

• H01M4/505

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy · CPC title

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title