What is claimed is:
1. An expression vector comprising a polynucleic acid for expressing ACE2 in a bacterium, the polynucleic acid comprising:
a promoter,
a nucleic acid encoding a secretion signal peptide,
a nucleic acid encoding a carrier protein, wherein the nucleic acid encoding the carrier protein has:
(i) a polynucleic acid sequence having at least 80% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 3 or
(ii) a polynucleic acid sequence having at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO: 18,
a nucleic acid encoding ACE2, and;
wherein the nucleic acids encoding the secretion signal peptide, carrier protein and ACE2 encode a fusion protein and are operably linked to the promoter.
2. The expression vector of claim 1 , further comprising a nucleic acid encoding a cleavage site that lies in between the nucleic acids encoding the carrier protein and ACE2.
3. The expression vector of claim 1 , further comprising a nucleic acid encoding a hinge that lies 3′ to the nucleic acid encoding the carrier protein.
4. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the promoter is a lactose dehydrogenase (ldh) promoter from Lactococcus lactis.
5. The expression vector of claim 4 , wherein sequence of the ldh promoter is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1.
6. The expression vector of claim 5 , wherein sequence of the ldh promoter is SEQ ID NO: 1.
7. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the secretion signal peptide is from the usp45 gene of Lactococcus lactis.
8. The expression vector of claim 7 , wherein sequence of the nucleic acid encoding the secretion signal peptide from usp45 gene of Lactococcus lactis is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2.
9. The expression vector of claim 8 , wherein sequence of the nucleic acid encoding the secretion signal peptide from usp45 gene of Lactococcus lacti is SEQ ID NO: 2.
10. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the secretion signal peptide lies adjacent and 5′ to the nucleic acid encoding the carrier protein.
11. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the carrier protein is cholera toxin B (CTB), and wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid encoding CTB is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3.
12. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid encoding CTB is SEQ ID NO: 3.
13. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the carrier protein is a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) derived from Pancreatic And Duodenal Homeobox I (PDX-1), and wherein the nucleic acid encoding the CPP is as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 18.
14. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid encoding ACE2 is at least 95% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7.
15. The expression vector of claim 1 , wherein the sequence of the nucleic acid encoding ACE2 is SEQ ID NO: 7.
16. The expression vector of claim 2 , wherein the cleavage site is a furin cleavage site.
17. A genetically engineered bacterium comprising the expression vector of claim 1 .
18. The genetically engineered bacterium of claim 17 , wherein the bacterium is a Lactobacillus.
19. The genetically engineered bacterium of claim 18 , wherein the Lactobacillus is L. paracasei, L. plantarum or L. gasseri.
20. A probiotic composition comprising a plurality of the genetically engineered bacterium of claim 17 , wherein the bacteria are concentrated and live, frozen, in lyophilized powder form or lyophilized tablet form.
21. A method of treating a disease or condition involving the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), the method comprising administering orally to a subject in need thereof a therapeutically effective dose of the probiotic composition of claim 20 .