Nonaqueous electrolyte, lithium-ion battery, battery module, battery pack, and apparatus

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11901511-B2
Application number	US-202117189084-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 1, 2021
Priority date	Sep 28, 2018
Publication date	Feb 13, 2024
Grant date	Feb 13, 2024

Abstract

This application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an apparatus. The nonaqueous electrolyte includes a nonaqueous solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive, where the nonaqueous solvent includes a carbonate solvent and a high oxidation potential solvent, and the additive includes cyclic sulfate. The high oxidation potential solvent is selected from one or more of compounds represented by formula I and formula II, and the cyclic sulfate may be selected from one or more of compounds represented by formula III. This application can not only improve electrochemical performance of the lithium-ion battery under high temperature and high voltage and improve safety performance such as overcharge safety and hot box safety of the lithium-ion battery, but also ensure that the lithium-ion battery has some kinetic performance.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A lithium-ion battery, comprising a nonaqueous electrolyte comprising a nonaqueous solvent, a lithium salt, and an additive, wherein
the nonaqueous solvent comprises a carbonate solvent and a high oxidation potential solvent, the additive comprises cyclic sulfate;
the high oxidation potential solvent is selected from one or more of compounds represented by formula I and formula II;

in formula I, R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from unsubstituted, partially halogenated, or fully halogenated alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and in formula II, R 3 is selected from partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkylidene groups having 3 to 6 carbon atoms;
the cyclic sulfate is selected from one or more of compounds represented by formula III;

in formula III, R 4 is selected from alkylidene groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms without halogen substitution; and
the halogenated groups in formula I and II comprise a halogen atom selected from one or more of F, Cl, Br, and I;
wherein based on a total weight of the non-aqueous solvent,
a weight percentage of the high oxidation potential solvent is 10% to 60%;
a weight percentage of the cyclic sulfate solvent is 0.1% to 10%; and
a weight percentage of the carbonate solvent is 40% to 90%.

2. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in formula I, R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from unsubstituted, partially fluorinated, or fully fluorinated alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is a partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and R 1 and R 2 are independently selected from —CH 3 , —CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 3 , —CF 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CH 3 , and —CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 , and at least one of R 1 and R 2 is —CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CH 3 , —CH 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CH 2 CF 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CH 2 CF 3 , —CF 2 CF 2 CH 3 , or —CF 2 CF 2 CF 3 ; and
in formula II, R 3 is selected from partially fluorinated or fully fluorinated alkylidene groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R 3 is selected from —CHFCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHF—, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCH 2 CHFCHF—, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHF—, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )CH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CH 2 CHFCH 2 CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, —CF 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CF 2 —, —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CH 3 )CH 2 CHFCH 2 —, and —CH 2 CH 2 CH(CF 3 )CH 2 CHFCH 2 .

3. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the cyclic sulfate is selected from one or more of the following compounds:

4. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 2 , wherein the high oxidation potential solvent is selected from one or more of the following compounds:

5. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein based on a total weight of the nonaqueous electrolyte, a weight percentage of the cyclic sulfate is 0.5% to 5%.

6. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent,
a weight percentage of the high oxidation potential solvent is 20% to 40%; and
a weight percentage of the carbonate solvent is 60% to 80%.

7. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the carbonate solvent is selected from one or more of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate; and
the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the linear carbonate is selected from one or more of ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethylene propyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, and dibutyl carbonate.

8. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 7 , wherein based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent,
a weight percentage of the cyclic carbonate is 0 to 10%; and
a weight ratio of the linear carbonate to the cyclic carbonate is 80:1 to 1:1.

9. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises a film-forming additive; and
the film-forming additive is selected from one or more of a cyclic carbonate compound with an unsaturated bond, a halogen-substituted cyclic carbonate compound, a sulfate compound, a sultone compound, a disulfonate compound, a nitrile compound, an aromatic compound, an isocyanate compound, a phosphazene compound, a cyclic anhydride compound, a phosphite compound, a phosphate compound, a borate compound, and a carboxylate compound.

10. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9 , wherein
the film-forming additive comprises at least 1,3-propane sultone.

11. A lithium-ion battery, comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and the nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1 .

12. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 11 , wherein
the positive electrode plate comprises one or more of Li 1+x Ni a Co b M′ (1-a-b) O 2-c Y c , and Li 1+y Ni m Mn n M″ 2-m-n O 4-p Z p , wherein
0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.6≤a≤1, 0≤b<1, 0≤(1−a−b)<1, 0≤c<1, M′ is selected from one or more of Mn, Al, Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Sc, Ti, and Zr, and Y is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br; and
−0.1≤y≤0.2, 0.4≤m≤1.2, 0.8≤n≤1.6, 0≤(2−m−n)≤0.3, 0≤p≤1, M″ is selected from one or more of Al, Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Sc, Ti, and Zr, and Z is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br.

13. An apparatus, comprising the lithium-ion battery according to claim 11 , wherein the lithium-ion battery is used as a power supply for the apparatus.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13 , wherein the apparatus is one selected from the group consisting of a battery electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric scooter, an electric golf cart, an electric truck, an electric vessel, and an energy storage system.

Assignees

• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd

Inventors

• Chen Peipei
• Liang Chengdu
• Fu Chenghua
• Feng Junmin

Classifications

• H01M10/0569 Primary

  characterised by the solvents · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M10/0567

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• H01M2220/20

  Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane · CPC title

• H01M2300/0037

  Mixture of solvents · CPC title