Protection of polymeric/organic materials from photodegradation by encapsulation

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11851616-B2
Application number	US-202217791362-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 11, 2022
Priority date	Nov 1, 2019
Publication date	Dec 26, 2023
Grant date	Dec 26, 2023

Abstract

Structures of a particle containing a core and at least one shell, a metal oxide material of which is necessarily doped to ensure protection of a material of the core from photodegradation. The core can include any of a thermochromic material, a phase-change material, and a judiciously defined auxiliary material that in turn contains organic and/or polymeric material. Derivative products utilizing a plurality of such particles. Methodologies for producing such particles and derivative products.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A core-shell particle comprising:
(1a) a core containing a thermochromic material (TCM) and/or a phase-change material (PCM) and/or an auxiliary material containing organic and/or polymeric material;
(1b) an outer shell surrounding the core, a material of the outer shell comprising a first metal oxide that contains a dopant; and
(1c) an inner shell encapsulating the core and disposed between the core and the outer shell, the inner shell comprising a polyacrylate and/or a polymethacrylate and/or a polymetacrylic acid.

2. The core-shell particle according to claim 1 , wherein the dopant includes a second metal oxide and/or nanoparticles of a metal.

3. The core-shell particle according to claim 2 , wherein when the dopant includes nanoparticles of the metal, the dopant includes nanoparticles of any of Ag, Au, Cu, Pt, Pd, Fe, Ni, Co, Zn, Ce, Al, Mn, In, W, Zr, Cr, Mo, Ru, and V.

4. The core-shell particle according to one of claims 1 , wherein the dopant includes nanoparticles of a metal.

5. The core-shell particle according to claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the outer shell is at least 30 nm to prevent light at a wavelength from at least a UV-A spectral region from penetrating through the outer shell.

6. The core-shell particle according to claim 1 , wherein the TCM includes an organic thermochromic material and/or a polymeric thermochromic material.

7. The core-shell particle according to claim 1 , wherein the TCM includes at least one of crystal violet lactone, spirolactones, fluorans, spirooxazine, and spiropyran.

8. The core-shell particle according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the outer shell comprises TiO 2 and/or ZnO and/or SiO 2 and/or CuO and/or In 2 O 3 and/or CeO 2 and/or TiO 2 -CeO 2 and/or SiO 2 -CeO 2 and/or indium-tin oxide (ITO) and/or antimony-tin oxide (ATO) and/or WO 3 and/or ZnFe 2 O 4 and/or Al 2 O 3 and/or MnO and/or ZrO and/or NiO and/or VO 2 and/or TiO 2 -ZnFe 2 O 4 , and/or TiO 2 -ZnO, and/or TiO 2 -In 2 O 3 , TiO 2 -SiO 2 -CeO 2 .

9. The core-shell particle according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the outer shell comprises, in an amount exceeding 50 weight %, TiO 2 with at least a portion of a remainder being the dopant that includes metal nanoparticles and/or with a metal oxide material different from TiO 2 .

10. The core-shell particle according to claim 1 , wherein the dopant comprises a carbonaceous dopant and/or a nitrogenous dopant.

11. The core-shell particle according to claim 10 , wherein the carbonaceous dopant includes any of hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, and graphene oxide, and wherein the nitrogenous dopant includes any of ammonia, boron nitride nanotubes, ammonium nitrate, urea, calcium nitrate, and potassium nitrate.

12. The core-shell particle according claim 1 , wherein the material of the outer shell does not consist of a SiO 2 .

13. A pigment comprising a plurality of core-shell particles according to claim 1 .

14. A coating comprising the pigment according to claim 13 and a binder material.

15. The coating according to claim 14 , wherein:
(17a) The coating has a useful lifetime of at least 10 years, and/or
(17b) The coating is configured to absorb or reflect a first radiation having a first wavelength in a first range from about 320 nm to about 2500 nm to substantially prevent the first radiation from penetrating through the coating, while allowing a second radiation having a second wavelength outside the first range to pass through the coating, and/or
(17c) The coating is configured to absorb or reflect the first radiation having the first wavelength in a second range from about 390 nm to about 410 nm to substantially prevent the first radiation from being transmitted through the coating while allowing a third radiation having a third wavelength within the first range but outside the second range to pass through the coating, and/or
(17d) The coating is configured to absorb or reflect the first radiation having the first wavelength within a third range from about 410 nm to about 700 nm to substantially prevent the first radiation from being transferred through the coating while allowing a fourth radiation having a fourth wavelength within the firs range but outside the third range to pass through the coating, and/or
(17e) The coating is configured to absorb or reflect the first radiation having the first wavelength in a fourth range from about 690 nm to about 710 nm to substantially prevent the first radiation from being transmitted through the coating while allowing a fourth radiation having a fourth wavelength within the first range but outside the fourth range to pass through the coating, and/or
(17f) The coating is configured to absorb or reflect the first radiation having the first wavelength within a fifth range from about 800 nm to about 1500 nm to substantially prevent the first radiation from being transmitted through the coating while allowing a fifth radiation having a fifth wavelength within the first range but outside the fourth range to pass through the coating.

Assignees

• Univ South Florida

Inventors

• Stefanakos Elias K
• Srinivasan Sesha S

Classifications

• C09K9/02 Primary

  Organic tenebrescent materials · CPC title

• B01J13/06

  by phase separation · CPC title

• B01J19/122

  Incoherent waves (gamma-radiation B01J19/082) · CPC title

• C04B14/36

  Inorganic materials not provided for in groups {C04B14/022 and} C04B14/04 - C04B14/34 · CPC title

• C04B16/00

  Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone · CPC title