Core-shell composites for electrodes in metal-ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11843114-B2
Application number	US-202217820413-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 17, 2022
Priority date	Feb 28, 2012
Publication date	Dec 12, 2023
Grant date	Dec 12, 2023

Abstract

A battery electrode composition is provided comprising core-shell composites. Each of the composites may comprise a core and a multi-functional shell.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A battery electrode composition, comprising:
a core-shell composite particle comprising a core and a shell,
wherein:
the core comprises (i) graphene and (ii) a Li 2 S active material; and
the shell comprises a metal oxide and/or a metal oxyfluoride.

2. The battery electrode composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the metal oxide and/or the metal oxyfluoride comprises a lithium metal oxide, an aluminum oxide, a vanadium oxide, and/or a manganese oxide.

3. The battery electrode composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the core additionally comprises a Li-ion conductive material.

4. The battery electrode composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle is characterized by a diameter in a range of about 100 nm to about 80 μm.

5. The battery electrode composition of claim 4 , wherein:
the diameter is in a range of about 200 nm to about 20 μm.

6. The battery electrode composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle is characterized by a diameter in a range of about 20 nm to about 2000 nm.

7. The battery electrode composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle comprises open channel pores characterized by dimensions in a range of about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm.

8. The battery electrode composition of claim 7 , wherein:
the open channel pores are characterized by dimensions in a range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

9. The battery electrode composition of claim 1 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle comprises open channel pores occupying less than about 35% of an overall volume of the core-shell composite particle.

10. The battery electrode composition of claim 9 , wherein:
the open channel pores occupy less than about 15% of the overall volume.

11. A battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode, and
an electrolyte disposed between the anode and the cathode,
wherein:
the cathode comprises the battery electrode composition of claim 1 .

12. The battery of claim 11 , wherein:
the electrolyte comprises an imide salt.

13. The battery of claim 12 , wherein:
the imide salt is lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI).

14. The battery of claim 11 , wherein:
the anode comprises Si and/or graphite.

15. A method of making a battery electrode composition, the method comprising:
(A1) forming a core comprising (i) graphene and (ii) a Li 2 S active material; and
(A2) forming a shell at least partially encasing the core to form a core-shell composite particle, the shell comprising a first metal oxide and/or a metal oxyfluoride,
wherein the battery electrode composition comprises at least the core-shell composite particle.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the battery electrode composition comprises the core-shell composite particle as a powder, or
the battery electrode composition comprises the core-shell composite particle as part of an electrode.

17. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the first metal oxide and/or the metal oxyfluoride comprises a lithium metal oxide, an aluminum oxide, a vanadium oxide, and/or a manganese oxide.

18. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the core additionally comprises a Li-ion conductive material.

19. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle is characterized by a diameter in a range of about 100 nm to about 80 μm.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein:
the diameter is in a range of about 200 nm to about 20 μm.

21. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle is characterized by a diameter in a range of about 20 nm to about 2000 nm.

22. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle comprises open channel pores characterized by dimensions in a range of about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm.

23. The method of claim 22 , wherein:
the open channel pores are characterized by dimensions in a range of about 1 nm to about 10 nm.

24. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the core-shell composite particle comprises open channel pores occupying less than about 35% of an overall volume of the core-shell composite particle.

25. The method of claim 24 , wherein:
the open channel pores occupy less than about 15% of the overall volume.

26. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
(A1) comprises precipitating the Li 2 S active material from a solution comprising Li 2 S and alcohol.

27. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the Li 2 S active material comprises Li 2 S nanoparticles; and
(A1) comprises emulsifying a solution of Li 2 S in an oil phase and adding at least one surfactant.

28. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
(A2) comprises forming the shell by at least one deposition process selected from an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process and a chemical vapor deposition (CND) process.

29. The method of claim 28 , wherein:
the at least one deposition process is a plasma-enhanced deposition process.

30. The method of claim 28 , wherein:
the shell comprises a carbon and/or an aluminum oxide.

31. The method of claim 28 , wherein:
the shell comprises lithium; and
the deposition process uses a lithium precursor selected from a Li β-diketonate, an alkyl-Li, a Li-alcoholate.

32. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the shell comprises the first metal oxide; and
(A2) comprises forming the shell by a solution precipitation process.

33. The method of claim 15 , wherein:
the shell comprises a carbon; and
(A2) comprises forming the shell by a decomposition of a precursor of the carbon.

34. The method of claim 33 , wherein:
the decomposition proceeds in the presence of a catalyst.

35. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
(B1) forming a cathode by depositing the battery electrode composition on a metal foil; and
(B2) assembling a battery from at least an electrolyte, an anode, and the cathode, the electrolyte being disposed between the anode and the cathode.

36. The method of claim 35 , wherein:
(B1) additionally comprises depositing a second metal oxide on the cathode by an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process.

37. The method of claim 36 , wherein:
the second metal oxide comprises an aluminum oxide.

38. The method of claim 36 , wherein:
the ALD process is a plasma-enhanced ALD process.

39. The method of claim 35 , wherein:
the battery electrode composition comprises a polymer binder;
the depositing of the battery electrode composition is done without any solvent; and
(B1) additionally comprises exposing the polymer binder to ultraviolet (UV) light to induce cross-linking.

Assignees

• Sila Nanotechnologies Inc

Inventors

• Yushin Gleb
• Zdyrko Bogdan
• Luzinov Igor
• Svoboda Vojtech
• Jacobs Alexander
• Berdichevsky Eugene
• Kim Hyea

Classifications

• H01M4/366 Primary

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M4/136

  Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy · CPC title

• H01M4/38

  of elements or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/5815

  Sulfides · CPC title

• H01M4/5825

  Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines · CPC title