Black titanium dioxide LiDAR reflecting particles and vehicles comprising the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11795329-B2
Application number	US-202017093737-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 10, 2020
Priority date	Nov 12, 2019
Publication date	Oct 24, 2023
Grant date	Oct 24, 2023

Abstract

Black titanium dioxide has a crystalline titanium dioxide core and an amorphous titanium dioxide shell that encompasses the crystalline titanium dioxide core. The black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 15% and a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 10%. The black titanium dioxide has a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.0 eV to less than or equal to 2.0 eV.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. Black titanium dioxide comprising:
a crystalline titanium dioxide core; and
an amorphous titanium dioxide shell that encompasses the crystalline titanium dioxide core, wherein
the black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 15% and a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 10%.

2. The black titanium dioxide of claim 1 , wherein the black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 5%.

3. The black titanium dioxide of claim 1 , wherein the black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 20%.

4. The black titanium dioxide of claim 1 , wherein the black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity for electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is from greater than or equal to 0.5% to less than or equal to 5%.

5. The black titanium dioxide of claim 1 , wherein the black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is from greater than or equal to 15% to less than or equal to 65%.

6. The black titanium dioxide of claim 1 , wherein the black titanium dioxide has a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.0 eV to less than or equal to 2.0 eV.

7. The black titanium dioxide of claim 1 , wherein the black titanium dioxide has a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.2 eV to less than or equal to 1.8 eV.

8. Black titanium dioxide particles comprising:
a crystalline titanium dioxide core; and
an amorphous titanium dioxide shell that encompasses the crystalline titanium dioxide core, wherein
the black titanium dioxide particle has a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.0 eV to less than or equal to 2.0 eV, and
the black titanium dioxide particles have a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 15% and a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 10%.

9. The black titanium dioxide particles of claim 8 , wherein the black titanium dioxide particles have a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.2 eV to less than or equal to 1.8 eV.

10. The black titanium dioxide particles of claim 8 , wherein the amorphous titanium dioxide shell has a thickness less than or equal to 5.0 nm.

11. The black titanium dioxide particles of claim 8 , wherein the amorphous titanium dioxide shell has a thickness less than or equal to 2.5 nm.

12. The black titanium dioxide particles of claim 8 , wherein the amorphous titanium dioxide shell has a thickness from greater than or equal to 0.1 nm to less than or equal to 5.0 nm.

13. The black titanium dioxide particles of claim 8 , wherein the black titanium dioxide particles have an average particle size D 50 that is from greater than or equal to 5 nm to less than or equal to 200 nm.

14. The black titanium dioxide particles of claim 8 , wherein the black titanium dioxide particles have a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 5% and a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 20%.

15. A paint comprising:
a paint binder;
black titanium dioxide comprising:
a crystalline titanium dioxide core; and
an amorphous titanium dioxide shell that encompasses the crystalline titanium dioxide core, wherein
the black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 15% and a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 10%, wherein

the LiDAR reflecting dark colored paint has a color with a lightness in CIELAB color space less than or equal to 40.

16. The paint of claim 15 , wherein the black titanium dioxide has a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.0 eV to less than or equal to 2.0 eV.

17. The paint of claim 15 , wherein the amorphous titanium dioxide shell has a thickness less than or equal to 5 nm.

18. A vehicle comprising:
a body panel coated in a LiDAR reflecting dark colored paint, the LiDAR reflecting dark colored paint comprising:
a paint binder;
black titanium dioxide comprising:
a crystalline titanium dioxide core; and
an amorphous titanium dioxide shell that encompasses the crystalline titanium dioxide core, wherein
the black titanium dioxide has a reflectivity of electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum that is less than or equal to 15% and a reflectivity for near-IR and LiDAR electromagnetic radiation that is greater than or equal to 10%, wherein

the LiDAR reflecting dark colored paint has a color with a lightness in CIELAB color space less than or equal to 40.

19. The vehicle of claim 18 , wherein black titanium dioxide has a band gap from greater than or equal to 1.0 eV to less than or equal to 2.0 eV.

Assignees

• Toyota Eng & Mfg North America

Inventors

• Wu Songtao
• Banerjee Debasish
• Huang Kan

Classifications

• C09D5/004 Primary

  Reflecting paints; Signal paints · CPC title

• C09C1/3661 Primary

  Coating · CPC title

• G01S7/481

  Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements · CPC title

• C01P2004/03

  obtained by SEM · CPC title

• C01P2004/62

  Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer · CPC title