Immobilized chalcogen and use thereof in a rechargeable battery

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11784303-B2
Application number	US-202016893564-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 5, 2020
Priority date	Sep 22, 2015
Publication date	Oct 10, 2023
Grant date	Oct 10, 2023

Abstract

An immobilized chalcogen system or body includes a mixture or combination of chalcogen and carbon. The carbon can be in the form of a carbon skeleton. The chalcogen can include oxygen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium, or a combination of any two or more of oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and tellurium. The activation energy for chalcogen to escape the immobilized chalcogen system or body is ≥96 kJ/mole.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. An immobilized chalcogen system or body comprising:
a mixture of chalcogen and a carbon, wherein an activation energy for a chalcogen particle to escape the immobilized chalcogen system or body ≥96 KJ/mole, and the carbon forms a carbon skeleton which includes a deactivation chemical functional group which withdraws electrons from a delocalized Extremely Massive Aromatic Conjugated (EMAC) π-bond system of the carbon skeleton.

2. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the chalcogen comprises one or more of the following: oxygen, sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium.

3. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the immobilized chalcogen forms a coordination bond.

4. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the immobilized chalcogen forms an electron donor-acceptor bond.

5. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the carbon skeleton includes a carbo-cation center on the EMAC π-bond system.

6. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group includes an oxygen-containing group and the immobilized chalcogen system or body has group ≥0.1 millimole (mmol) O/g.

7. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 6 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group including the oxygen-containing group includes at least one of the following:
a formyl group, an aldehyde group, an acyl group, a ketone group, a carboxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylate group, an ester group, an anhydride group, or a carbonyl group.

8. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group includes a nitrogen-containing group and the immobilized chalcogen system or body has ≥0.1 mmol N/g.

9. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 8 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group including the nitrogen-containing group includes at least one of the following:
a nitro (—NO 2 ) group;
a nitroso (—NO) group;
an ammonium (—N + R 3 ) group, where R is an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a H;
a cyano group (—CN);
a thiocyano group (—SCN); and/or
an isothiocyano group (—NCS).

10. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group includes a phosphorus-containing group and the immobilized chalcogen system or body has 0.1≥mmol P/g.

11. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 10 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group including the phosphorus-containing group includes at least one of the following:
a phosphonic acid group (—PO 3 H 2 ) or its salt (—PO 3 H − , —PO 3 2− );
a phosphonate (—PO 3 R 2 , —PO 3 HR, or —PO 3 R − );
a phosphonyl group (—POR 2 ), where R is an alkyl, aryl, any organic functional group; and/or
a phosphonium group (—P + R 3 ).

12. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group includes a halogen-containing group and the immobilized chalcogen system or body has ≥0.1 mmol X/g, wherein the halogen (X) comprises one of the following: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine.

13. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 12 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group including the halogen-containing group includes at least one of the following: F, Cl, Br, I, —CF 3 , —CCl 3 , —CBr 3 , —CI 3 , and/or a highly halogenated alkyl group with more than one carbon.

14. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 1 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group includes a sulfur-containing group and the immobilized chalcogen system or body has ≥0.1 mmol S/g.

15. The immobilized chalcogen system or body of claim 14 , wherein the deactivation chemical functional group including the sulfur-containing group includes at least one of the following:
a SO 3 H (a sulfonic acid) group;
a SCN (a thiocyano group);
a SO 2 R (a sulfonyl ester) group, where R is an alkyl group, aryl group or halogen;
a SO 2 CF 3 (a trifluoromethyl sulfonyl ester group); and/or
a SO 2 —O—R or a sulfonium group (—S + R 2 ), where each R is independently an alkyl group, aryl group or other organic functional group.

Assignees

• Ii Vi Delaware Inc

Inventors

• Xu Wen-Qing
• Eissler Elgin E
• Li Xiaoming
• Xu Chengkun
• Moore Colin
• Patkar Shailesh
• Koeppen Christopher S

Classifications

• H01M4/1393 Primary

  of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title

• H01M4/133

  Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M4/136

  Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy · CPC title

• H01M4/581

  Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof · CPC title