Nanostructural designs for electrode materials of fluoride ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11749797-B2
Application number	US-201916445022-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 18, 2019
Priority date	Dec 15, 2016
Publication date	Sep 5, 2023
Grant date	Sep 5, 2023

Abstract

A fluoride shuttle (F-shuttle) battery and nanostructures of copper based cathode materials in the fluoride shuttle battery. The F-shuttle batteries include a liquid electrolyte, which allows the F-shuttle batteries to operate under room temperature. The minimum thickness of copper layer within the copper nanostructures is no more than 20 nm. The thickness of copper layer within the copper nanostructures is controlled and reduced to ensure the energy densities of F-shuttle batteries.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A fluoride shuttle battery comprising:
a cathode comprising a metal nanostructure core including at least one dimension that is less than or equal to 20 nm, and a shell at least partially surrounding the metal nanostructure core;
an anode; and
a liquid electrolyte containing fluoride ions,
wherein the metal nanostructure core consists of a first material, the first material comprising a first metal,
wherein the shell consists of a shell material that is different from the first material, and
wherein the shell material comprises La 1-x Ba x F 3-x , wherein X=0−0.5.

2. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanostructure core comprises a nanoparticle with a diameter of less than or equal to 20 nm.

3. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanostructure core comprises one or more cylindrical structures including a diameter of less than or equal to 20 nm and a length of greater than 20 nm.

4. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 3 , wherein the cylindrical structures comprise structures selected from nanotubes, nanowires, nanoframes, and combinations thereof.

5. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanostructure core comprises one or more sheetlike structures including a thickness of less than or equal to 20 nm and another dimension that is greater than 20 nm.

6. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 5 , wherein the sheetlike structures comprises structures selected from flake structure, sheet structure, film structure, and combinations thereof.

7. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanostructure core comprises a complex shape comprising interconnected metal portions and channels defining a network of pores wherein each channel comprises at least one dimension that is less than 25 nm.

8. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 7 , wherein the complex shape comprises porous nanosheets, nanoframes, or foams.

9. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanostructure core has a thickness of no more than 20 nm.

10. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the metal nanostructure core has a thickness of no more than 6 nm.

11. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein X=0.

12. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein X=0.03.

13. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the shell has a thickness of no more than 5 nm.

14. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein a ratio of thickness between the metal nanostructure core and the shell is from about 10:1 to about 1:1.

15. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 14 , wherein the ratio of thickness between the metal nanostructure core and the shell is about 4:1.

16. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 14 , wherein the ratio of thickness between the metal nanostructure core and the shell is about 1:1.

17. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the first metal is selected from a transitional metal, salts of the transition metal, and mixtures thereof.

18. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 17 , wherein the transition metal is selected from d-block of the periodic table of the elements, including the lanthanide and actinide series.

19. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 17 , wherein the transition metal is selected from scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, technetium, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, cadmium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum, gold, mercury, actinium, thorium, protactinium, uranium, neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, and mixtures thereof.

20. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 17 , wherein the transition metal comprises copper.

21. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 20 , wherein the copper nanostructure core comprises a copper nanowire, the copper nanowire having an average cross-sectional diameter of no more than about 20 nm.

22. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 21 , wherein the copper nanowire is enclosed by a LaF 3 shell layer.

23. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 22 , wherein the copper nanowire enclosed by the LaF 3 shell has an energy capacity of about 183 mAh/g or of about 34.7% of a theoretical capacity of CuF 2 .

24. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 1 , wherein the shell material comprises a soft shell material.

25. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 24 , wherein the soft shell layer comprises a surfactant.

26. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 24 , wherein the soft shell layer comprises a polymer or oligomer.

27. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 25 , wherein the surfactant comprises oleylamine, oleic acid, tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, or a combination thereof.

28. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 26 , wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone, poly(methyl methacrylate), and combinations thereof.

29. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 24 , wherein the shell comprises at least a first self-assembled monolayer.

30. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 29 , wherein the shell further comprises a second self-assembled monolayer, wherein the second self-assembled monolayer covers at least a portion of the first self-assembled monolayer.

31. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 29 , wherein the shell further comprises a polymer layer, wherein the polymer layer covers at least a portion of the first self-assembled monolayer.

32. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 24 , wherein the nanostructure core comprises a copper nanowire, the copper nanowire having an average cross-sectional diameter of no more than about 20 nm.

33. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 32 , wherein the copper nanowire is enclosed by a soft shell layer, the soft shell layer comprising a surfactant.

34. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 24 , wherein the soft shell material is permeable to F 31 ion.

35. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 33 , wherein the copper nanowire enclosed by the soft shell has an energy capacity of about 203 mAh/g or of about 38.4% of a theoretical capacity of CuF 2 .

36. A fluoride shuttle battery comprising:
an electrode comprising a metal nanostructure core including at least one dimension that is less than or equal to 25 nm, and a shell at least partially surrounding the metal nanostructure core; and
a liquid electrolyte,
wherein the metal nanostructure core consists of a first material, the first material comprising a first metal,
wherein the shell consists of a shell material that is different from the first material, and
wherein the shell material comprises La 1-x Ba x F 3-x , wherein X=0−0.5.

37. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 36 , wherein the metal nanostructure core comprises one or more cylindrical structures including a diameter of less than or equal to 25 nm and a length of greater than 25 nm.

38. The fluoride shuttle battery of claim 37 , wherein

Assignees

• Honda Motor Co Ltd
• California Inst Of Techn

Inventors

• Xu Qingmin
• Brooks Christopher J
• Mckenney Ryan
• Chou Nam Hawn
• Omichi Kaoru
• Jones Simon C
• Miller Iii Thomas F
• Munoz Stephen A

Classifications

• H01M4/366 Primary

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M4/38

  of elements or alloys · CPC title

• H01M10/056

  characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes · CPC title

• H01M2004/021

  Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area · CPC title

• H01M2004/028

  Positive electrodes · CPC title