Fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11608592-B2
Application number	US-201816346244-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 6, 2018
Priority date	Oct 16, 2018
Publication date	Mar 21, 2023
Grant date	Mar 21, 2023

Abstract

The invention discloses a waterless fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as a medium. Dry fibers are tightly loaded layer by layer in a porous yarn cage. After dyeing, the fibers are cleaned to remove unfixed dyes by an online way, thereby obtaining waterless dyed dry fiber products with good quality. With the supercritical carbon dioxide dyed by a dye, the invention can not only solve the problems of high energy consumption, high discharge, high pollution in the traditional dyeing process, but also obtain better dyeing effect. The invention has a simple process and convenient operation, which can effectively realize dry dyeing processing. The reaction is mild, avoiding the use of a large amount of water, heat and additives in high concentration, which has the features of being high efficiency and environmentally friendly.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium, comprising steps of:
(1) loading fibers in a dry manner layer by layer in a porous yarn cage at a compactness, wherein the fibers are compacted mechanically;
(2) placing the yarn cage after loading the fibers in a dry manner in step (1) in a high pressure dyeing tank and preprocessing the fibers with saturated steam or superheated steam under a pressure of 0-1 MPa for 5-180 min;
(3) after preprocessing in step (2), introducing supercritical carbon dioxide medium and a dissolved dye into the high pressure dyeing tank, and supercharging, heating the yarn cage and dyeing by holding temperature according to a preset dyeing process;
(4) after dyeing by holding temperature, cooling dyeing system by clean supercritical carbon dioxide medium, and when the temperature in the dyeing system is lowered to a temperature, removing unfixed dyes by an online way, and finally recycling the fluid medium in the dyeing system to complete the fiber dyeing in supercritical carbon dioxide fluid medium.

2. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein the fibers are natural fibers or synthetic fibers.

3. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (1), the fibers are compacted layer by layer uniformly by a mechanical external force, so that the fibers are loaded at the compactness.

4. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein the porous yarn cage in step (1) is coated with a non-conductive surface material, and a plurality of apertures are distributed on the periphery of the yarn cage and on its central hollow tube.

5. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (1), “layer by layer” means that the fibers are loaded or compacted to form a layer, and then a next layer is formed in the same way, the process is repeated until a predetermined amount of fibers are loaded in the yarn cage.

6. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (1), the fibers have a compactness of 50-300 kg/m 3 when they are loaded layer by layer in the yarn cage.

7. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (3), the dissolved dye is an active disperse dye with an active group selected from the group consisting of a vinyl sulfone, a vinyl group, an s-triazine type, a nicotinic acid structure, and derivatives thereof.

8. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (3), the dissolved dye is dissolved in a solvent selected from the group consisting of supercritical carbon dioxide, ethanol, acetone, methanol, and deionized water.

9. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 8 , wherein, in step (3), two solvents are mixed at the ratio of 1:5 to 5:1.

10. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (3), in the preset dyeing process, the temperature is 50-160° C., the pressure is 7-35 MPa, a ratio of dynamic and static cycle time of the fluid is 1:5-10:1, and the processing time is 10˜180 min.

11. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (4), the temperature in the dyeing system is lowered to 30-100° C.

12. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step (4), during removing unfixed dyes by an online way, the conditions include that the temperature is 30-100° C., the pressure is 8-35 MPa, a ratio of dynamic and static cycle time of the fluid is 1:5-10:1, and the processing time is 10˜120 min.

13. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 1 , wherein, in step ( 4 ), after dyeing, the carbon dioxide is separated and recycled by a recycling system for cyclic utilization, and the carbon dioxide in the dyeing system is recovered to atmospheric pressure for direct opening of the dyeing tank.

14. The fiber dyeing method using supercritical carbon dioxide fluid as medium according to claim 2 , wherein the natural fibers are cotton or processed hemp loose fibers; and the synthetic fibers are artificial fibers made from viscose, polyester, nylon or acrylic.

Assignees

• Univ Soochow
• Shandong Gaomian Group Co Ltd

Inventors

• Long Jiajie
• Cai Chong
• Gao Chao
• Gao Wei

Classifications

• D06P7/00

  Dyeing or printing processes combined with mechanical treatment · CPC title

• D06P1/94 Primary

  using dyes dissolved in solvents which are in the supercritical state · CPC title

• D06M13/53

  Cooling; Steaming or heating, e.g. in fluidised beds; with molten metals · CPC title

• D06P2001/0084

  Non-aqueous dyeing in an inorganic medium · CPC title

• D06P3/66

  using reactive dyes · CPC title