Additives for electrochemical cells

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11569531-B2
Application number	US-202117366539-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jul 2, 2021
Priority date	Nov 13, 2015
Publication date	Jan 31, 2023
Grant date	Jan 31, 2023

Abstract

Articles and methods including additives in electrochemical cells, are generally provided. As described herein, such electrochemical cells may comprise an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte, and optionally a separator. In some embodiments, at least one of the anode, the cathode, the electrolyte, and/or the optional separator may comprise an additive and/or additive precursor. For instance, in some cases, the electrochemical cell comprises an electrolyte and an additive and/or additive precursor that is soluble with and/or is present in the electrolyte. In some embodiments, the additive precursor comprises a disulfide bond. In certain embodiments, the additive is a carbon disulfide salt. In some cases, the electrolyte may comprise a nitrate.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
a first electrode;
an electrolyte comprising a fluorinated carbonate;
an additive having a structure as in Formula (I) and/or an additive precursor having a structure as in Formula (II):

wherein:
each occurrence of Q is independently selected from the group consisting of Se, O, S, PR 2 , CR 2 2 , and SiR 2 2 ;
n is 1-6; and
each R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, optionally connected, and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; oxygen; sulfur; halogen; nitrogen; phosphorus; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched aliphatic; substituted or unsubstituted cyclic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched acyclic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched heteroaliphatic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched acyl; substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

2. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
a first electrode;
an electrolyte comprising a fluorinated carbonate;
an additive having a structure as in Formula (I) and/or an additive precursor having a structure as in Formula (II):

wherein:
each occurrence of Q is independently selected from the group consisting of Se, O, S, PR 2 , NR 2 , CR 2 2 , and SiR 2 2 ;
n is 1-6;
each R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, optionally connected, and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; oxygen; sulfur; halogen; nitrogen; phosphorus; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched aliphatic; substituted or unsubstituted cyclic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched acyclic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched heteroaliphatic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched acyl; substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl.

3. An electrochemical cell, comprising:
a first electrode comprising a first active electrode species;
an electrolyte comprising a fluorinated carbonate;
an additive having a structure as in Formula (I) and/or an additive precursor having a structure as in Formula (II):

wherein:
each occurrence of Q is independently selected from the group consisting of Se, O, S, PR 2 , NR 2 , CR 2 2 , and SiR 2 2 ;
n is 1-6;
each R 1 and R 2 are the same or different, optionally connected, and are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen; oxygen; sulfur; halogen; nitrogen; phosphorus; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched aliphatic; substituted or unsubstituted cyclic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched acyclic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched heteroaliphatic; substituted or unsubstituted, branched or unbranched acyl; substituted or unsubstituted aryl; and substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and
wherein the additive and/or the additive precursor is/are different from the first electrode species.

4. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the fluorinated carbonate comprises fluorinated ethylene carbonate.

5. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , further comprising a lithium salt.

6. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the additive and/or additive precursor is polyanionic.

7. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the additive is a salt.

8. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the additive comprises a cation.

9. The electrochemical cell of claim 8 , wherein the cation is selected from the group consisting of Li + , Na + , K + , Cs + , Rb + , Ca +2 , Mg +2 , substituted or unsubstituted ammonium, guanidinium and imidazolium.

10. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the additive and/or additive precursor comprises a xanthate group.

11. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the additive and/or additive precursor is in solid form.

12. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the additive and/or additive precursor is dissolved in the electrolyte.

13. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the additive and/or additive precursor is disposed on and/or within the first electrode.

14. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a second electrode, and the additive and/or additive precursor is disposed on and/or within the second electrode.

15. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the electrochemical cell comprises a second electrode, and wherein the second electrode is an intercalated electrode.

16. the electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the additive and any additive precursor is present in the electrolyte in a total amount ranging between about 0.5 wt % and about 20 wt % versus the total weight of the electrolyte and additive and/or additive precursor.

17. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , the electrochemical cell comprises a second electrode, and wherein the additive and any additive precursor is present in the electrolyte in a total amount ranging between about 0.5 wt % and about 4 wt % versus the weight of each of the first and second electrodes.

18. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , the electrochemical cell comprises a second electrode, and wherein the additive and/or additive precursor is disposed on and/or within a separator positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode.

19. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a nitrate.

20. The electrochemical cell of claim 2 , further comprising a lithium bis-oxalatoborate species.

Assignees

• Sion Power Corp

Inventors

• Mikhaylik Yuriy V
• Kovalev Igor P
• Weiss Thomas

Classifications

• H01M4/382

  Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01M2300/0025

  Organic electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title

• C07D295/194

  Radicals derived from thio- or thiono carboxylic acids · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title