Complex electrolytes and other compositions for metal-ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11462770-B2
Application number	US-201816167467-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 22, 2018
Priority date	May 7, 2014
Publication date	Oct 4, 2022
Grant date	Oct 4, 2022

Abstract

Batteries such as Li-ion batteries are provided that comprise anode and cathode electrodes, an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, and a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode. In some designs, the electrolyte may comprise, for example, a mixture of (i) a Li-ion salt with (ii) at least one other metal salt having a metal with a standard reduction potential below −2.3 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE). In other designs, the electrolyte may be disposed in conjunction with an electrolyte solvent that comprises, for example, about 10 to about 100 wt. % ether. In still other designs, the battery may further comprise anode and cathode interfacial layers (e.g., solid electrolyte interphase (SEI)) disposed between the respective electrode and the electrolyte and having different types of fragments of electrolyte solvent molecules as compared to each other.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A Li-ion battery, comprising:
anode and cathode electrodes, wherein the anode electrode is a high capacity anode having a Li capacity of at least 400 mAh/g;
an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode electrodes; and
a separator electrically separating the anode and the cathode electrodes,
wherein the electrolyte comprises two or more salts,
wherein the two or more salts comprise a mixture of a first Li-comprising salt and a second Li-comprising salt,
wherein the first Li-comprisinq salt is LiPF 6 and the second Li-comprising salt is LiFSI,
LiTFSI or a combination thereof,
wherein the electrolyte comprises 10 to 100 wt. % ether,
wherein a first molar concentration of the first Li-comprising salt in the electrolyte is at least 5 times higher than a second molar concentration of the second Li-comprising salt in the electrolyte,
wherein the second Li-comprising salt is an electrolyte additive capable of enhancing formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) film on the anode electrode, the cathode electrode, or both, to a greater degree than the first Li-comprising salt during operation of the Li-ion battery, and
wherein the anode electrode is capable of generating an average discharge voltage above 2.6 V.

2. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an iodine-containing salt.

3. The Li-ion battery of claim 2 , wherein a concentration of the iodine-containing salt in the electrolyte exceeds about 2 molar (M).

4. The Li-ion battery of claim 3 , wherein the concentration of the iodine-containing salt in the electrolyte exceeds about 2.5 M.

5. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode electrode is infiltrated with an ether-free electrolyte.

6. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , further comprising:
a binder infiltrated in at least one of the electrodes, and
wherein the binder comprises cations having a valance of +3, +4, or +5.

7. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the anode electrode exhibits an average delithiation potential below about 1 V vs. Li/Li+, wherein the cathode electrode exhibits an average delithiation potential above about 3.8 V vs. Li/Li+, further comprising:
an anode interfacial layer disposed between the anode electrode and the electrolyte; and
a cathode interfacial layer disposed between the cathode electrode and the electrolyte, wherein the anode interfacial layer comprises a first type of fragments of electrolyte solvent molecules and the cathode interfacial layer comprises a second type of fragments of electrolyte solvent molecules, the first and second types of fragments being different from each other.

8. The Li-ion battery of claim 7 , wherein the anode electrode comprises Si.

9. The Li-ion battery of claim 7 , wherein the anode interfacial layer or the cathode interfacial layer is formed via reaction with a first solvent composition that is different than a second solvent composition of the electrolyte.

10. The Li-ion battery of claim 7 , wherein at least one of the electrodes is at least partially filled with a given electrolyte solvent having a melting point above a battery cell assembly temperature.

11. The Li-ion battery of claim 7 , wherein at least one of the electrodes comprises one or more active material particles that include at least 1 vol % of pores having a size in the range of about 0.3 nm to about 20 nm.

12. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the two or more salts further comprise and at least one other salt comprising a rare earth metal.

13. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the two or more salts further comprise at least one non-Li salt.

14. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the two or more salts further comprise at least one iodine-comprising salt.

15. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the two or more salts further comprise at least one alkaline salt.

16. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein the two or more salts have different molecular weights.

17. The Li-ion battery of claim 1 , wherein a salt concentration of the second Li-comprising salt is in the range between 0.01 molar (M) to about 3M.

Assignees

• Sila Nanotechnologies Inc

Inventors

• Yushin Gleb
• Zdyrko Bogdan
• Kim Hyea
• Luzinov Igor
• Bandera Yuriy
• Berdichevsky Eugene

Classifications

• H01M10/0568 Primary

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title

• H01M4/134

  Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys · CPC title

• H01M10/052

  Li-accumulators · CPC title