Lithium ion battery anodes including graphenic carbon particles

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11430979-B2
Application number	US-201313836415-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 15, 2013
Priority date	Mar 15, 2013
Publication date	Aug 30, 2022
Grant date	Aug 30, 2022

Abstract

Lithium ion battery anodes including graphenic carbon particles are disclosed. Lithium ion batteries containing such anodes are also disclosed. The anodes include mixtures of lithium-reactive metal particles such as silicon, graphenic carbon particles, and a binder. The use of graphenic carbon particles in the anodes results in improved performance of the lithium ion batteries.

First claim

We claim:

1. A lithium ion battery anode coating material comprising:
lithium-reactive metal particles;
thermally-produced graphenic carbon particles comprising substantially flat planar sheets having aspect ratios of greater than 3:1, having at least 3 stacked atom layers, and having a Raman spectroscopy 2D/G peak ratio of at least 1:1; and
a binder connecting the lithium reactive metal particles and the graphenic carbon particles together to form the coating, wherein the lithium reactive metal particles and the graphenic carbon particles are individually bound together with each other by the binder, and the graphenic carbon particles form a continuous network in the coating.

2. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , comprising from 15 to 85 weight percent of the lithium-reactive metal particles, from 3 to 75 weight percent of the graphenic carbon particles, and from 3 to 60 weight percent of the binder.

3. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 2 , wherein the lithium-reactive metal particles comprise from 25 to 70 weight percent, and the graphenic carbon particles comprise from 10 to 60 weight percent.

4. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 2 , wherein the lithium-reactive metal particles comprise from 30 to 50 weight percent, and the graphenic carbon particles comprise from 30 to 50 weight percent.

5. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have aspect ratios of greater than 5:1.

6. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have average thicknesses of no more than 10 nanometers.

7. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium-reactive metal comprises Si, Sn or a combination thereof.

8. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium-reactive metal particles comprise Si having an average particle size of less than 1,000 nanometers.

9. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 8 , wherein the Si particles have an average particle size of from 5 to 200 nanometers.

10. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 8 , wherein the Si particles have an average particle size of from 10 to 120 nanometers.

11. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises a polymer.

12. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 11 , wherein the polymer comprises poly (acrylic acid).

13. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the battery anode material is provided as a layer on a conductive substrate.

14. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 13 , wherein the conductive substrate comprises metal foil.

15. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 13 , wherein the layer of battery anode material has a thickness of from 5 to 500 microns.

16. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 13 , wherein the layer of battery anode material has a thickness of from 20 to 200 microns.

17. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 13 , wherein the battery anode material has an electrical resistivity of less than 250 ohms/square.

18. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles further comprise curved, curled, creased or buckled sheets.

19. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have a compressed density of less than 0.9.

20. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have a Raman spectroscopy 2D/G peak ratio of at least 1.2:1.

21. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have an oxygen content of no more than 2 atomic percent.

22. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the lithium reactive metal particles and the graphenic carbon particles are uniformly dispersed within the binder.

23. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein a portion of the graphenic carbon particles are curved, curled, creased or buckled.

24. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles comprise at least 4 stacked atom layers.

25. The lithium ion battery anode coating material of claim 1 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles comprise at least 6 stacked atom layers.

26. A lithium ion battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode;
a separator between the anode and the cathode; and
an electrolyte in contact with the anode and the cathode, wherein the anode comprises a coating of lithium-reactive metal particles, thermally-produced graphenic carbon particles comprising substantially flat planar sheets having aspect ratios of greater than 3:1, having at least 3 stacked atom layers and having a Raman spectroscopy 2D/G peak ratio of at least 1:1, and a binder connecting the lithium reactive metal particles and the graphenic carbon particles together to form the coating, wherein the lithium reactive metal particles and the graphenic carbon particles are individually bound together with each other by the binder, and the graphenic carbon particles form a continuous network in the coating.

27. The lithium ion battery of claim 26 , wherein the anode coating comprises from 15 to 85 weight percent of the lithium-reactive metal particles, from 3 to 75 weight percent of the graphenic carbon particles, and from 3 to 60 weight percent of the binder.

28. The lithium ion battery of claim 26 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have an oxygen content of no more than 2 atomic percent.

29. The lithium ion battery of claim 26 , wherein the lithium reactive metal particles and the graphenic carbon particles are uniformly dispersed within the binder.

30. The lithium ion battery of claim 26 , wherein a portion of the graphenic carbon particles are curved, curled, creased or buckled.

31. The lithium ion battery of claim 26 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles have a Raman spectroscopy 2D/G peak ratio of at least 1.2:1.

32. The lithium ion battery of claim 26 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles comprise at least 4 stacked atom layers.

33. The lithium ion battery of claim 26 , wherein the graphenic carbon particles comprise at least 6 stacked atom layers.

Assignees

• Ppg Ind Ohio Inc

Inventors

• Vanier Noel R
• Asay David B
• Olson Kurt G
• Rakiewicz Edward F
• Wang Donghai
• Yi Ran

Classifications

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/661

  Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings (H01M4/669 take precedence) · CPC title

• H01M4/625

  Carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M4/622

  being polymers · CPC title

• H01M4/583

  Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx · CPC title