Lithium-ion battery and apparatus

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11316198-B2
Application number	US-202117144517-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 8, 2021
Priority date	Dec 14, 2018
Publication date	Apr 26, 2022
Grant date	Apr 26, 2022

Abstract

The present application provides a lithium-ion battery and an apparatus, the lithium-ion battery includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separation film. The positive active material in the positive electrode sheet includes Lix1Coy1M1-y1 O2-z1Qz1, 0.5≤x1≤1.2, 0.8≤y1<1.0, 0≤z1≤0.1, and M is selected from one of Al, Ti, Zr, Y, and Mg, and Q is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and S. The electrolyte contains an additive A and an additive B, the additive A is a polynitrile six-membered nitrogen-heterocyclic compound with a relatively low oxidation potential, and the additive B is an aliphatic dinitrile or polynitrile compound with a relatively high oxidation potential. The lithium-ion battery of the present application has superb cycle performance and storage performance, especially under high-temperature and high-voltage conditions.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A lithium-ion battery, comprising an electrode assembly and an electrolyte, the electrode assembly comprising a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet and a separation film;
wherein
a positive active material in the positive electrode sheet comprises Li x1 Co y1 M 1-y1 O 2-z1 Q z1 , 0.5≤x1≤1.2, 0.8≤y1<1.0, 0≤z1≤0.1, M is selected from one or more of the group consisting of Al, Ti, Zr, Y, and Mg, and Q is selected from one or more of the group consisting of F, Cl, and S;
the electrolyte also contains an additive A and an additive B, the additive A is selected from one or more of the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula I-1, and Formula 1 -3, and the additive B is selected from one or more of the group consisting of compounds represented by Formula II-1 and Formula II-2;

in Formula I-1 and Formula I-3: R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 26 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a halogen atom, a nitrile group, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 6 alkenyl group, and a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group; x, y, z are each independently selected from integers of 0-8; and m, n, k are each independently selected from integers of 0-2;

in Formula II-1 and Formula II-2: R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 12 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynylene group, and R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 0 -C 12 alkylene group, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkenylene group, and substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 12 alkynylene group, wherein a substituent group is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a halogen atom, a nitrile group, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 6 alkenyl group, and a C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group;
a mass percentage of the additive A in the electrolyte is 0.1% to 3.5% and a mass percentage of the additive B in the electrolyte is 0.1% to 5%.

2. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in Formula I-1 and Formula I-3: R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , and R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 linear or branched alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 7 cyclic alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 3 amine group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 3 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 8 aryl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 7 heterocyclic group, wherein a substituent group is selected from halogen atoms; and/or,
in Formula II-1 and Formula II-2: R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 alkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 alkynylene group, and R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C 0 -C 10 alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 alkenylene group, and a substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 10 alkynylene group, wherein a substituent group is selected from halogen atoms.

3. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in Formula I-1 and Formula I-3: x, y, and z are each independently selected from 0, 1 or 2; and
m, n, and k are each independently selected from 1 or 2.

4. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in Formula I-1, R 1 , R 3 and R 4 are all hydrogen atoms; and
in Formula I-3, at least two of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are hydrogen atoms.

5. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
in Formula II-1, R 5 is selected from the group consisting of a C 2 -C 4 alkylene group, a C 2 -C 4 alkenylene group, and a C 2 -C 4 alkynylene group; and
in Formula II-2, R 6 is selected from a C 0 -C 1 alkylene group, R 7 and R 8 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a C 2 -C 4 alkylene group, a C 2 -C 4 alkenylene group, and a C 2 -C 4 alkynylene group.

6. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the additive A is selected from one or more of following compounds:

7. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein
the additive B is selected from one or more of the group consisting of succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelic nitrile, suberonitrile, azelaonitrile, sebaconitrile, undecane dinitrile, dodecane dinitrile, tetramethyl succinate nitrile, methyl glutaronitrile, butenedinitrile, 2-pentenedinitrile, hex-2-enedinitrile, hex-3-enedinitrile, oct-4-enedinitrile, oct-4-enedinitrile nitrile, 1,2,3-propanetricarbonitrile, 1,3,5-pentanetricarbonitrile, and 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile.

8. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte further contains an additive C, which is selected from one or more of the group consisting of a cyclic carbonate compound containing a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond, a halogen-substituted cyclic carbonate compound, a sulfate ester compound, a sultone compound, a disulfonate compound, a sulfite compound, an aromatic compound, an isocyanate compound, a phosphazene compound, an acid anhydride compound, a phosphite compound, a phosphate compound, and a borate compound; and
a mass percentage of the additive C in the electrolyte is 0.01%-30%.

9. The lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the negative active material in the negative electrode sheet is selected from one or more of the group consisting of soft carbon, hard carbon, artificial graphite, natural graphite, Si, SiOx 2 , Si/C composite material, Si alloy, lithium titanate and metal capable of forming an alloy with lithium, 0<x2≤2.

10. An apparatus, comprising the lithium-ion battery according to claim 1 .

Assignees

• Contemporary Amperex Technology Co Ltd

Inventors

• Yi Tiancheng
• Hu Chunhua
• Jiang Yao
• Dou Shushi
• Liang Chengdu

Classifications

• H01M2004/028

  Positive electrodes · CPC title

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01M4/587

  for inserting or intercalating light metals · CPC title

• C07D251/04

  having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members · CPC title

• C07D239/04

  having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members · CPC title