Elimination of gaseous reactants in lithium ion batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11289745-B2
Application number	US-201916243517-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jan 9, 2019
Priority date	Jan 9, 2019
Publication date	Mar 29, 2022
Grant date	Mar 29, 2022

Abstract

A lithium ion battery is provided that includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. One or more of the separator, positive electrode, and negative electrode includes a transition metal compound capable of catalyzing any gaseous reactants formed in the lithium ion battery to form a liquid. The transition metal compound may include ruthenium (Ru). In certain variations, the lithium ion battery includes an electrolyte that is a conductive medium for lithium ions to move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The electrolyte comprises a transition metal compound capable of catalyzing a reaction of any gaseous reactants to form a liquid.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A lithium ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator comprises a first transition metal compound capable of catalyzing any gaseous reactants formed in the lithium ion battery to form a liquid and at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode comprises a second transition metal compound capable of catalyzing any gaseous reactants formed in the lithium ion battery to form a liquid, wherein the first and second transition metal compounds are supported on an inert material.

2. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous reactants are selected from the group consisting of: methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ethylene, ethane, and combinations thereof.

3. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the gaseous reactants comprise chloromethane.

4. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein each of the first and second transition metal compounds comprise an element selected from the group consisting of: ruthenium (Ru), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), and combinations thereof.

5. The lithium ion battery according to claim 4 , wherein at least one of the first and second transition metal compounds comprise ruthenium (Ru).

6. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the separator comprises greater than or equal to about 10 ppm to less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the first transition metal compound.

7. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , further comprising an electrolyte, wherein the first transition metal compound is supported on a zeolite and provided as a coating on the separator.

8. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the second transition metal compound is an inactive component distributed in the positive electrode.

9. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1 , wherein the first transition metal compound is different from the second transition metal compound.

10. A lithium ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode; and
a liquid electrolyte that is a conductive medium for lithium ions to move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the liquid electrolyte comprises a first transition metal compound capable of catalyzing a reaction of any gaseous reactants to form a liquid, and one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode comprises a second transition metal compound capable of catalyzing the reaction of gaseous reactants to form a liquid.

11. The lithium ion battery according to claim 10 , wherein each of the first and second transition metal compounds comprise an element selected from the group consisting of: ruthenium (Ru), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), palladium (Pd), iridium (Ir), and combinations thereof.

12. The lithium ion battery according to claim 10 , wherein the first transition metal compound is soluble in the liquid electrolyte and the liquid electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, a lithium salt, and greater than or equal to about 10 ppm to less than or equal to about 5% by weight of the transition metal compound.

13. The lithium ion battery according to claim 10 , wherein at least one of the first and second transition metal compounds comprise ruthenium.

14. The lithium ion battery according to claim 13 , wherein the at least one of the first and second transition metal compounds is selected from the group consisting of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium, ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate (Ru(CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ) 3 ), ruthenium carbonyl (Ru 3 (CO) 12 ), ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO 2 ), ruthenium (III) 2,4-pentanedionate, dichloro(mesitylene)ruthenium(II) dimer (C 18 H 24 Cl 4 Ru 2 ), bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) (C 7 H 9 RuC 7 H 9 ), bis(2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(C 7 H 11 ) 2 ), and combinations thereof.

15. A lithium ion battery comprising:
a positive electrode;
a negative electrode, wherein at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode comprises a first transition metal compound capable of catalyzing the reaction of gaseous reactants to form a liquid;
a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the separator comprises a second transition metal compound capable of catalyzing the reaction of gaseous reactants to form a liquid; and
an electrolyte comprising a lithium salt, a solvent, and a compound comprising ruthenium (Ru), wherein the electrolyte provides a conductive medium for lithium atoms to move between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, wherein the compound comprising ruthenium catalyzes gaseous reactants in the lithium ion battery to form a liquid.

16. The lithium ion battery according to claim 15 , wherein the compound comprising ruthenium (Ru) is soluble in the electrolyte, so that the electrolyte comprises the compound.

17. The lithium ion battery according to claim 16 , wherein the electrolyte comprises 10 ppm to 5% by weight of ruthenium.

18. The lithium ion battery according to claim 15 , wherein the compound comprising ruthenium (Ru) is insoluble in the electrolyte and is disposed on a surface of at least one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator.

19. The lithium ion battery according to claim 15 , wherein the at least one of the positive electrode and negative electrode comprises greater than or equal to about 10 ppm to less than or equal to about 5% by weight of ruthenium.

20. The lithium ion battery according to claim 15 , wherein the compound comprising ruthenium (Ru) is selected from the group consisting of bis(cyclopentadienyl)ruthenium, ruthenium (III) acetylacetonate (Ru(CH 3 COCHCOCH 3 ) 3 ), ruthenium carbonyl (Ru 3 (CO) 12 ), ruthenium (IV) oxide (RuO 2 ), ruthenium (III) 2,4-pentanedionate, dichloro(mesitylene)ruthenium(II) dimer (C 18 H 24 Cl 4 Ru 2 ), bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)ruthenium(II) (C 7 H 9 RuC 7 H 9 ), bis(2,4-dimethylpentadienyl)ruthenium(II) (Ru(C 7 H 11 ) 2 ), and combinations thereof.

Assignees

• Gm Global Tech Operations Llc

Inventors

• Dadheech Gayatri V
• Yang Li
• Xiao Xingcheng
• Qi Gongshin
• Saharan Vijay P

Classifications

• H01M10/0525 Primary

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M10/0567

  characterised by the additives · CPC title

• H01M4/628

  Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors · CPC title

• B01J37/0215

  Coating · CPC title