Terahertz spectroscopy and imaging in dynamic environments with spectral response enhancements

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11099072-B2
Application number	US-201916536245-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 8, 2019
Priority date	Aug 8, 2019
Publication date	Aug 24, 2021
Grant date	Aug 24, 2021

Abstract

Embodiments are disclosed for terahertz spectroscopy and imaging in dynamic environments. In an embodiment, a method comprises emitting a continuous electromagnetic (EM) wave in a terahertz (THz) frequency band into a dynamic environment. The EM THz wave is reflected off an object in the environment. A spectral response of a received signal indicative of the reflected EM wave is determined that includes absorption spectra at a frequency in the THz frequency band. The absorption spectra is indicative of a transmission medium in the environment. The spectral response of the received signal is compensated for fixed and frequency-specific losses. The compensated absorption spectra is compared with known absorption spectra of target transmission mediums. Based on results of the comparing, a particular target transmission medium is identified as being the transmission medium in the environment. The absorption spectra loss is used to determine a concentration level of the target transmission medium.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A method comprising:
emitting, by a transmitter of an electronic device, a continuous electromagnetic (EM) wave in a terahertz (THz) frequency band, the EM wave being emitted into a dynamic environment that includes a transmission medium that changes over time;
receiving, by a receiver of the electronic device, a reflected EM wave reflected off at least one object in the environment;
determining, by one or more processors of the electronic device, a spectral response of a received signal indicative of the reflected EM wave, the spectral response including absorption spectra at a frequency in the THz frequency band that is indicative of the transmission medium in the environment;
compensating, by the one or more processors, the spectral response of the received signal for fixed and frequency-specific losses,
wherein compensating for frequency-specific losses includes:
determining an average signal strength of peaks in the spectral response of the received signal; and
subtracting the average signal strength from the spectral response of the received signal;

comparing, by the one or more processors, the compensated spectral response with known spectral responses of target transmission mediums;
identifying, by the one or more processors and based on results of the comparing, a particular target transmission medium as being the transmission medium in the environment;
determining, by the one or more processors, an absorption loss from the compensated absorption spectra in the spectral response of the received signal; and
using the absorption loss to obtain a concentration level of the target transmission medium in the environment.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the concentration level of the target transmission medium is obtained from a reference library of known concentration levels.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein compensating the spectral response of the received signal for frequency-specific loss, further comprises:
determining a reference spectral response of a reference transmission medium in the environment; and
compensating the spectral response of the received signal for the frequency-specific loss using the reference spectral response.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein compensating the spectral response of the received signal for fixed loss, further comprises:
determining a reference frequency at which absorption loss is minimal across the THz frequency band;
extrapolating a signal strength at the reference frequency across the THz frequency band;
determining a fixed path loss by computing a delta between the extrapolated signal strength and a signal strength of the EM wave; and
subtracting the delta from the spectral response of the received signal.

5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
determining, by the one or more processors, that a portion of the absorption spectra is below a noise floor of the receiver; and
using curve fitting to restore the portion of the absorption spectra below the noise floor.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transmitted EM wave has multiple polarizations.

7. A system comprising:
a transmitter configured to emit a continuous electromagnetic (EM) wave in a terahertz (THz) frequency band into a dynamic environment, the dynamic environment including a transmission medium that changes over time;
a receiver configured to receive a reflected EM wave from at least one object in the environment;
one or more processors;
memory storing instructions that when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
determining a spectral response of a received signal indicative of the reflected EM wave, the spectral response including absorption spectra at a frequency in the THz frequency band that is indicative of the transmission medium in the environment;
compensating the spectral response of the received signal for fixed and frequency-specific losses,

wherein compensating for frequency-specific losses includes:
determining an average signal strength of peaks in the spectral response of the received signal; and
subtracting the average signal strength from the spectral response of the received signal;
comparing the compensated respectal response with known spectral responses of target transmission mediums;
identifying a particular target transmission medium as being the transmission medium in the environment based on results of the comparing;
determining an absorption loss from the absorption spectra in the spectral response of the received signal; and
using the absorption loss to obtain a concentration level of the target transmission medium in the environment.

8. The system of claim 7 , wherein the concentration level of the target transmission medium is obtained from a reference library of known concentration levels.

9. The system of claim 7 , wherein compensating the spectral response of the received signal for frequency-specific loss, further comprises:
determining a reference spectral response of a reference transmission medium in the environment; and
compensating the spectral response of the received signal for the frequency-specific loss using the reference spectral response.

10. The system of claim 7 , wherein compensating the spectral response of the received signal for fixed loss, further comprises:
determining a reference frequency at which absorption loss is minimal across the THz frequency band;
extrapolating a signal strength at the reference frequency across the THz frequency band;
determining a fixed path loss by computing a delta between the extrapolated signal strength and a signal strength of the EM wave; and
subtracting the delta from the spectral response of the received signal.

11. The system of claim 7 , further comprising:
determining, by the one or more processors, that a portion of the absorption spectra is below a noise floor of the receiver; and
using curve fitting to restore the portion of the absorption spectra below the noise floor.

12. The system of claim 7 , wherein the transmitted EM wave has multiple polarizations.

13. A non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations, comprising:
emitting a continuous electromagnetic (EM) wave in a terahertz (THz) frequency band, the EM wave being emitted into a dynamic environment that includes a transmission medium that changes over time;
receiving a reflected EM wave reflected off at least one object in the environment;
determining a spectral response of a received signal indicative of the reflected EM wave, the spectral response including absorption spectra at a frequency in the THz frequency band that is indicative of the transmission medium in the environment;
compensating the spectral response of the received signal for fixed and frequency-specific losses,
wherein compensating for frequency-specific losses includes determining an average signal strength of peaks in the spectral response of the received signal, and subtracting the average signal strength from the spectral response of the received signal;
comparing the compensated spectral response with known spectral responses of target transmission mediums;
identifying, based on results of the comparing, a particular target transmission medium as being the transmission medium in the environment;
determining an absorption loss from the absorption spectra in the spectral response of the received signal; and
using the absorption loss to obtain a concentration level of the target transmission medium in the env

Assignees

• Apple Inc

Inventors

• Ramisetti Sireesha
• Chen Chia-Chi
• Ashiwal Vijendrakumar K
• Agboh Peter M
• Reddy Vusthla Sunil

Classifications

• G01J3/42 Primary

  Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry (beam switching arrangements G01J3/08) · CPC title

• G01N21/3581

  using far infrared light; using Terahertz radiation · CPC title

• G01J2003/423

  Spectral arrangements using lasers, e.g. tunable · CPC title

• G01J2003/425

  Reflectance · CPC title

• G01J2003/421

  Single beam · CPC title