Cathode for an electrochemical cell including at least one cathode additive

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11075382-B2
Application number	US-201514630718-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Feb 25, 2015
Priority date	May 30, 2014
Publication date	Jul 27, 2021
Grant date	Jul 27, 2021

Abstract

The invention is directed towards a cathode. The cathode includes an electrochemically active cathode material and at least one cathode additive. The at least one cathode additive includes a head group and at least one hydrocarbon tail group. The head group includes at least one p-element atom that is bonded to a second p-element atom. The at least one p-element atom has an electronegativity and the second p-element atom has an electronegativity. The electronegativity of the at least one p-element atom is different from the electronegativity of the second p-element atom.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A cathode comprising:
an electrochemically active cathode material; and,
at least one cathode additive, wherein the at least one cathode additive is a boronic acid, an amine oxide, a phosphine oxide, a sulfoxide, a sulfone or a sultaine,
and the at least one cathode additive comprises at least one hydrocarbon tail group bound to the boron atom of the boronic acid, the nitrogen atom of the amine oxide, the phosphorus atom of the phosphine oxide, the sulfur atom of the sulfoxide, the sulfur atom of the sulfone, or the nitrogen atom of the sultaine;
wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, gamm manganese dioxide, beta manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, nickel oxyhydroxide, copper oxide, bismuth oxide, high-valence nickel compound, or mixtures thereof.

2. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one hydrocarbon tail group comprises from 4 carbon atoms to 10 carbon atoms.

3. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is selected from the group consisting of butyl boronic acid, pentyl boronic acid, hexyl boronic acid, isobutyl boronic acid, octyl dimethyl amine oxide, N,N-dimethylnonan-1-amine oxide, hexyldimethylphosphine oxide, octyldimethylphosphine oxide, decyldimethylphosphine oxide, butylmethylsulfoxide, dibutylsulfoxide, methylpentylsulfoxide, butylmethylsulfone, dibutylsulfone, methylpentylsulfone, alkyl hydroxypropyl sultaine, and mixtures thereof.

4. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is less than about 0.15 weight percent of the cathode.

5. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is from about 0.03 weight percent of the cathode to about 0.12 weight percent of the cathode.

6. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is from about 0.048 weight percent of the cathode to about 0.065 weight percent of the cathode.

7. The cathode of claim 1 , further comprising at least one carbon additive, the at least one carbon additive comprising expanded graphite, natural graphite, graphene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, or mixtures thereof.

8. A battery comprising:
a housing;
an anode;
a cathode, the cathode comprising:
an electrochemically active cathode material; and,
at least one cathode additive, wherein the at least one cathode additive is a boronic acid, an amine oxide, a phosphine oxide, a sulfoxide, a sulfone or a sultaine,
and the at least one cathode additive comprises at least one hydrocarbon tail group bound to the boron atom of the boronic acid, the nitrogen atom of the amine oxide, the phosphorus atom of the phosphine oxide, the sulfur atom of the sulfoxide, the sulfur atom of the sulfone, or the nitrogen atom of the sultaine;

a separator between the anode and the cathode; and
an electrolyte; wherein the electrochemically active cathode material comprises manganese oxide, manganese dioxide, electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD), chemical manganese dioxide (CMD), high power electrolytic manganese dioxide (HP EMD), lambda manganese dioxide, gamma manganese dioxide, beta manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, nickel oxyhydroxide, copper oxide, bismuth oxide, high-valence nickel compound, or mixtures thereof.

9. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the at least one hydrocarbon tail group comprises from 4 carbon atoms to 10 carbon atoms.

10. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is selected from the group consisting of butyl boronic acid, pentyl boronic acid, hexyl boronic acid, isobutyl boronic acid, octyl dimethyl amine oxide, N,N-dimethylnonan-1-amine oxide, hexyldimethylphosphine oxide, octyldimethylphosphine oxide, decyldimethylphosphine oxide, butylmethylsulfoxide, dibutylsulfoxide, methylpentylsulfoxide, butylmethylsulfone, dibutylsulfone, methylpentylsulfone, alkyl hydroxypropyl sultaine, and mixtures thereof.

11. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is less than about 0.15 weight percent of the cathode.

12. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is from about 0.03 weight percent of the cathode to about 0.12 weight percent of the cathode.

13. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is from about 0.048 weight percent of the cathode to about 0.065 weight percent of the cathode.

14. The battery of claim 8 , further comprising at least one carbon additive, the at least one carbon additive comprising expanded graphite, natural graphite, graphene, single-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon fibers, carbon nanofibers, or mixtures thereof.

15. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an ionically conductive compound in an aqueous solution, the ionically conductive compound comprising sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, zinc chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium perchlorate, magnesium bromide, or mixtures thereof.

16. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the battery comprises a label affixed to the housing, the label including a voltage tester.

17. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is a boronic acid.

18. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is a boronic acid.

19. The cathode of claim 1 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is an amine oxide.

20. The battery of claim 8 , wherein the at least one cathode additive is an amine oxide.

Assignees

• Duracell Us Operations Inc

Inventors

• Shelekhin Alexander Boris
• Barnabas Freddy Arthur

Classifications

• H01M6/505

  Cells combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light intensity · CPC title

• H01M4/54

  of silver · CPC title

• H01M6/04

  Cells with aqueous electrolyte · CPC title

• H01M4/52

  of nickel, cobalt or iron · CPC title

• H01M4/62 Primary

  Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers · CPC title