Polyanion active materials and method of forming the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11066307-B2
Application number	US-201916356786-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 18, 2019
Priority date	Jul 26, 2011
Publication date	Jul 20, 2021
Grant date	Jul 20, 2021

Abstract

A method of forming a polyanion active material that includes providing a carbon source, providing a mobile ion source, providing an active metal material, providing a network material, providing a flux material, and mixing the various materials. In one aspect, the mixing step may include grinding or pulverizing materials to a uniform fine mixture. In one aspect, a ball mill may be utilized to mix the components. Following the mixing of the materials, the mixture is heated to a predetermined temperature in a non-oxidizing atmosphere to form a reaction product. In one aspect, the mixture is heated to a temperature above a melting temperature of the flux material. In this manner, the flux material provides a medium in which the various reactants may react to form the desired reaction product. Following the heating of the mixture the reaction product is washed, forming a carbon coated polyanion active material. Also disclosed is a polyanion active material that includes the in situ reaction product of a carbon source, mobile ion source, active metal material, network material, and a flux material wherein the polyanion active material includes a carbon coating formed thereon.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of forming a polyanion active material comprising:
providing a carbon source;
providing a mobile ion source;
providing an active metal material;
providing a network material;
providing a flux material;
mixing the carbon source, mobile ion source, active metal material, flux material and network material;
heating the mixture to a predetermined temperature in a non-oxidizing atmosphere forming a reaction product; and
washing the reaction product forming a carbon coated polyanion active material.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbon source is selected from: carbohydrates, aromatic hydrocarbons, organic compounds including carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and graphite.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the mobile ion source is selected from LiOH, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiNO3, Li2CO3, Li2SO4, Li3PO4, LiH2PO4, LiCOOCH3, MgO, Mg(OH)2, MgCl2, MgBr2, MgI2, Mg(NO3)2, MgCO3, MgSO4, Mg3(PO4)2, and Mg(COOCH3)2.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the active metal material is selected from transition metal compounds.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the transition metal compounds include MnO, MnCO3, MnSO4, MnCl2, MnBr2, MnI2, Mn(COOCH3)2, FeSO4, FeCl2, FeBr2, FeI2, Fe(COOCH3)2, FeC2O4, FeC6H8O7, Fe(NO3)3, Cr2O3, Cr2(CO3)3, CrCl3, CrBr3, CrI3, V2O5, V2O3, NiO, NiCO3, NiCl2, NiBr2, NiI2, Ni(OH)2, Ni(NO3)2, Co3O4, CoCO3, CoCl2, CoBr2, CoI2, Co(OH)2.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the network material includes SiO 2 and H 3 PO 4 .

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the flux material includes chlorides, bromides and iodides of alkaline and alkaline earth metals and mixtures thereof.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbon coated polyanion active material is in the form of crystals having an average diameter of from 15 nanometers to 50 microns.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixing step includes grinding the materials to a uniform fine mixture.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the carbon coated polyanion active material is formed in-situ.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixture is heated above a melting temperature of the flux material.

12. The method of claim 1 wherein the flux material includes KCl, the mobile ion source includes MgO, the active metal material includes MnCO 3 , the network material includes SiO 2 , and the carbon source includes glucose.

Assignees

• Toyota Eng & Mfg North America

Inventors

• Song Wei
• Matsui Masaki
• Tani Toshihiko

Classifications

• H01M4/366

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M10/054

  Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium · CPC title

• H01M4/5825

  Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines · CPC title

• H01M10/0525

  Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries · CPC title

• C01B33/22 Primary

  Magnesium silicates · CPC title