Apparatus for sensing electromagnetic radiation incident substantially perpendicular to the surface of a substrate

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11024756-B2
Application number	US-201716309404-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 14, 2017
Priority date	Jun 21, 2016
Publication date	Jun 1, 2021
Grant date	Jun 1, 2021

Abstract

An apparatus comprises a transparent substrate (3), at least one sensor (5) for the detection of electromagnetic radiation (31), and for each sensor a corresponding mirror having a reflective surface (11). The reflective surface (11) is shaped so that electro-magnetic radiation (31) incident on the transparent substrate (3) at a specific angle, passing through the transparent substrate (3) and being reflected by the reflective surface (11) is directed towards the sensor (5). The sensor (5) comprises a two dimensional material like graphene and may be a quantum dot functionalised graphene field effect transistor. The present invention enables the incident electromagnetic radiation (31) to be focussed onto the at least one sensor (5) without the use of additional optical components like lenses or microlenses. This may enable focussed images to be obtained by the apparatus.

First claim

We claim:

1. An apparatus comprising:
a flexible transparent substrate, said flexible transparent substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface;
a sensor arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation, wherein the sensor comprises two-dimensional material arranged to enable an electrical output to be provided in response to incident electromagnetic radiation, and wherein the sensor is mounted on the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate; and
a flexible reflective surface attached to the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate and arranged to reflect electromagnetic radiation passing through the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate, the flexible reflective surface having a focus, and the sensor being mounted on the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate substantially at the focus;
wherein the flexible reflective surface is arranged to:
focus onto the sensor electromagnetic radiation having an angle of incidence on the upper surface of the flexible transparent substrate of less than or equal to 6.3°.

2. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the reflective surface comprises at least one of: a parabolic mirror, a Fresnel mirror, or a hexagonal parabolic mirror.

3. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the two-dimensional material comprises graphene.

4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises at least one of: a field effect transistor or a quantum dot functionalised graphene field effect transistor.

5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the field effect transistor is arranged so that a first electrode is enclosed by a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode being separated from one another by the two-dimensional material.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of additional sensors and a plurality of additional reflective surfaces, wherein each of the plurality of additional sensors is associated with a different one of the plurality of additional reflective surfaces, so that different reflective surfaces reflect electromagnetic radiation onto different sensors.

7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sensor is arranged to detect at least one of: visible light or x-rays.

8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the sensor is arranged to be moved relative to the reflective surface.

9. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising an auxiliary sensor on the upper surface of the transparent substrate.

10. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transparent substrate comprises a flat surface.

11. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the transparent substrate comprises a curved surface.

12. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising a scintillator overlying the transparent substrate.

13. A sensing device comprising an apparatus comprising:
a flexible transparent substrate, said flexible transparent substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface;
a sensor arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation, wherein the sensor comprises two-dimensional material arranged to enable an electrical output to be provided in response to incident electromagnetic radiation, and wherein the sensor is mounted on the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate; and
a flexible reflective surface attached to the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate and arranged to reflect electromagnetic radiation passing through the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate, the flexible reflective surface having a focus, and the sensor being mounted on the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate substantially at the focus;
wherein the flexible reflective surface is arranged to:
focus onto the sensor electromagnetic radiation having an angle of incidence on the upper surface of the flexible transparent substrate of less than or equal to 6.3°.

14. A method comprising:
providing a flexible transparent substrate, said flexible transparent substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface;
providing a sensor arranged to detect electromagnetic radiation, wherein the sensor comprises two-dimensional material arranged to enable an electrical output to be provided in response to incident electromagnetic radiation, and wherein the sensor is mounted on the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate; and
providing a flexible reflective surface attached to the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate and arranged to reflect electromagnetic radiation passing through the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate, the flexible reflective surface having a focus, and the sensor being mounted on the lower surface of the flexible transparent substrate substantially at the focus;
wherein the flexible reflective surface is arranged to:
focus onto the sensor electromagnetic radiation having an angle of incidence on the upper surface of the flexible transparent substrate of less than or equal to 6.3°.

15. The method as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the two-dimensional material comprises graphene.

16. The method as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the sensor comprises at least one of: a field effect transistor or a quantum dot functionalised graphene field effect transistor.

Assignees

• Nokia Technologies Oy

Inventors

• Allen Mark
• Harris Nadine

Classifications

• H10F30/28

  the devices being characterised by field-effect operation, e.g. junction field-effect phototransistors · CPC title

• H10F77/413 Primary

  directly associated or integrated with the devices, e.g. back reflectors (directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells H10F77/42) · CPC title

• H10F39/18

  Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors · CPC title

• H10F39/8037

  the integrated elements comprising a transistor · CPC title

• H10F39/8067 Primary

  Reflectors · CPC title