Electrochemically stable elastomer-encapsulated particles of anode active materials for lithium batteries

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-11005094-B2
Application number	US-201815914213-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Mar 7, 2018
Priority date	Mar 7, 2018
Publication date	May 11, 2021
Grant date	May 11, 2021

Abstract

Provided is a lithium battery anode electrode comprising multiple particulates of an anode active material, wherein at least a particulate is composed of one or a plurality of particles of an anode active material being encapsulated by a thin layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer having from 0.01% to 50% by weight of an inorganic filler dispersed in an elastomeric matrix material based on the total weight of the inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer, wherein the encapsulating thin layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer has a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10−7 to S/cm to 5×10−2 S/cm and the inorganic filler has a lithium intercalation potential from 1.1 V to 4.5 V (preferably 1.2-2.5 V) versus Li/Li+. The anode active material is preferably selected from Si, Ge, Sn, SnO2, SiOx, Co3O4, Mn3O4, etc.

First claim

We claim:

1. An anode electrode for a lithium battery, said electrode comprising multiple particulates of an anode active material, wherein at least a particulate is composed of one or more particles of said anode active material being encapsulated by a thin layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer having from 0.01% to 50% by weight of an inorganic filler dispersed in an elastomeric matrix material based on the total weight of the inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer, wherein said encapsulating thin layer of inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer has a thickness from 1 nm to 10 μm, a fully recoverable tensile strain from 2% to 500%, and a lithium ion conductivity from 10 −7 S/cm to 5×10 −2 S/cm and said inorganic filler has a lithium intercalation potential from 1.1 V to 4.5 V versus Li/Li + .

2. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic filler is selected from an oxide, carbide, boride, nitride, sulfide, phosphide, or selenide of a transition metal, a lithiated version thereof, and combinations thereof.

3. The anode electrode of claim 2 , wherein said transition metal includes Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ag, Cd, La, Ta, W, Pt, Au, Hg, combinations thereof, or combinations thereof with Al, Ga, In, Sn, Pb, Sb, or Bi.

4. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic filler is nanodiscs, nanoplatelets, or nanosheets of (a) bismuth selenide or bismuth telluride, (b) transition metal dichalcogenide or trichalcogenide, (c) sulfide, selenide, or telluride of niobium, zirconium, molybdenum, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, titanium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, or any transition metal; (d) boron nitride, or (e) combinations thereof, wherein said nanodiscs, nanoplatelets, or nanosheets have a thickness from 1 nm to 100 nm.

5. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said elastomeric matrix material contains a material selected from natural polyisoprene, synthetic polyisoprene, polybutadiene, chloroprene rubber, polychloroprene, butyl rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, nitrile rubber, ethylene propylene rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, metallocene-based poly(ethylene,-co-octene) elastomer, poly(ethylene-co-butene) elastomer, styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene elastomer, epichlorohydrin rubber, polyacrylic rubber, silicone rubber, fluorosilicone rubber, perfluoroelastomers, polyether block amides, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate, thermoplastic elastomer, protein resilin, protein elastin, ethylene oxide-epichlorohydrin copolymer, polyurethane, urethane-urea copolymer, sulfonated versions thereof, and combinations thereof.

6. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic filler-reinforced elastomer further contains an electron-conducting filler dispersed in said elastomer matrix material wherein said electron-conducting filler is selected from a carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanoparticle, metal nanoparticle, metal nanowire, electron-conducting polymer, graphene, or a combination thereof, wherein said graphene is selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, nitrogenated graphene, hydrogenated graphene, doped graphene, functionalized graphene, or a combination thereof and said graphene comprise single-layer graphene or few-layer graphene, wherein said few-layer graphene is defined as a graphene platelet formed of less than 10 graphene planes.

7. The anode electrode of claim 6 , wherein said electron-conducting polymer selected from polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyfuran, a bi-cyclic polymer, a sulfonated derivative thereof, and combinations thereof.

8. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said anode active material is (a) silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and cadmium (Cd); (b) alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Ni, Co, or Cd with other elements; (c) oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, and tellurides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, V, or Cd, and their mixtures, composites, or lithium-containing composites; (d) salts and hydroxides of Sn; (e) lithium titanate, lithium manganate, lithium aluminate, lithium-containing titanium oxide, lithium transition metal oxide; (f) prelithiated versions thereof; (g) particles of Li, Li alloy, or surface-stabilized Li having at least 60% by weight of lithium element therein; or (h) combinations thereof.

9. The anode electrode of claim 8 , wherein said Li alloy contains from 0.1% to 10% by weight of a metal element selected from Zn, Ag, Au, Mg, Ni, Ti, Fe, Co, V, and combinations thereof.

10. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said anode active material contains a prelithiated Si, prelithiated Ge, prelithiated Sn, prelithiated SnO x , prelithiated SiO x , prelithiated iron oxide, prelithiated VO 2 , prelithiated Co 3 O 4 , prelithiated Ni 3 O 4 , lithium titanate, and combinations thereof, wherein 1≤x≤2.

11. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said anode active material is in a form of nanoparticle, nanowire, nanofiber, nanotube, nanosheet, nanoplatelet, nanodisc, nanobelt, nanoribbon, or nanohorn having a thickness or diameter from 0.5 nm to 100 nm.

12. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said one or more particles is coated with a layer of carbon prior to being encapsulated.

13. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said particulate further comprises a carbon material encapsulated therein.

14. The anode electrode of claim 13 , wherein said carbon material is selected from polymeric carbon, amorphous carbon, chemical vapor deposition carbon, coal tar pitch, petroleum pitch, mesophase pitch, carbon black, coke, acetylene black, activated carbon, fine expanded graphite particle with a dimension smaller than 100 nm, artificial graphite particle, natural graphite particle, and combinations thereof.

15. The anode electrode of claim 11 , wherein said nanoparticle, nanowire, nanofiber, nanotube, nanosheet, nanoplatelet, nanodisc, nanobelt, nanoribbon, or nanohorn is pre-intercalated or pre-doped with lithium ions to form a prelithiated anode active material having an amount of lithium from 0.1% to 54.7% by weight of said prelithiated anode active material.

16. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said inorganic filler is in a form of nanoparticle, nanowire, nanofiber, nanotube, nanosheet, nanoplatelet, nanodisc, nanobelt, nanoribbon, or nanohorn.

17. The anode electrode of claim 1 , wherein said elastomeric matrix material further contains from 0.1% to 40% by weight of a lithium ion-conducting additive dispersed in said elastomeric matrix material.

18. The anode electrode of claim 17 , wherein said lithium ion-conducting additive is selected from Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 O, Li 2 C 2 O 4 , LiOH, LiX, ROCO 2 Li, HCOLi, ROLi, (ROCO 2 Li) 2 , (CH 2 OCO 2 Li) 2 , Li 2 S, Li x SO y , and combinations thereof, wherein X=F, Cl, I, or Br, R=a hydrocarbon group, and 0≤x≤1, 1≤y≤4.

19. The anode electrode of claim 17 , wherein said lithium ion-conducting additive contains a lithium salt selected from lithium perchlorate (LiClO 4 ), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ), lithium borofluoride (LiBF 4 ), lithium hexafluoroarsenide (LiAsF 6 ), lithium trifluoro-metasulfonate, (LiCF 3 SO 3 ), bis-trifluoromethyl sulfonylimide lithium (LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ), lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB), lithium oxalyldifluoroborate (LiBF 2 C 2 O 4 ), lithium oxalyldifluoroborate (LiBF 2 C 2 O 4

Assignees

• Nanotek Instruments Inc
• Global Graphene Group Inc

Inventors

• Pan Baofei
• He Hui
• Zhamu Aruna
• Jang Bor Z

Classifications

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01M4/622

  being polymers · CPC title

• H01M4/625

  Carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M4/366

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M4/386

  Silicon or alloys based on silicon · CPC title