Structurally ordered nanoparticles, methods and applications

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10991950-B2
Application number	US-201314433399-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 7, 2013
Priority date	Oct 8, 2012
Publication date	Apr 27, 2021
Grant date	Apr 27, 2021

Abstract

Embodiments provide a nanoparticle and a method for preparing the nanoparticle, as well as a membrane that includes the nanoparticle and a fuel cell that includes the membrane. The method comprises a thermal treatment method that provides from a nanoparticle comprising a structurally disordered material the nanoparticle comprising: (1) a structurally ordered core comprising a first material; and (2) a shell surrounding and further structurally aligned with the structurally ordered core and comprising a second material different from the first material. Particularly desirable is a nanoparticle comprising a Pt3Co@Pt/C structurally ordered core-shell composition supported upon a carbon support.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A nanoparticle comprising:
a core comprising a first material arranged in a structurally ordered array, the core comprising a Pt x Co y intermetallic material; and
a shell surrounding the core and comprising a second material different from the first material and further structurally ordered with respect to the structurally ordered array;
wherein the nanoparticle is substantially free of (211) X-ray diffraction peaks.

2. The nanoparticle of claim 1 wherein a lattice parameter of the structurally ordered array is no greater than about 0.3915 nanometers.

3. The nanoparticle of claim 1 further comprising a carbon carrier for the nanoparticle.

4. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein x and y each range from 1 to 10.

5. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle shell comprises more than one layer.

6. The nanoparticle of claim 5 , wherein the shell layer comprises 2-3 atomic layers of the second material.

7. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein one or more experimentally-derived X-ray diffraction peaks for the nanoparticle match X-ray diffraction peaks found in a Powder Diffraction File (PDF) for a pure sample of the first material.

8. The nanoparticle of claim 1 , wherein a lattice parameter of the structurally ordered array is no greater than about 0.3845 nanometers.

9. A membrane comprising:
a nanoparticle comprising:
a core comprising a first material arranged in a structurally ordered array, the core comprising a Pt x Co y intermetallic material; and
a shell surrounding the core and comprising a second material different from the first material and further structurally ordered with respect to the structurally ordered array;
wherein the nanoparticle is substantially free of (211) X-ray diffraction peaks.

10. The membrane of claim 9 wherein a lattice parameter of the structurally ordered array is no greater than about 0.3915 nanometers.

11. The membrane of claim 9 , wherein x and y each range from 1 to 10.

12. The membrane of claim 9 , wherein the nanoparticle shell comprises more than one layer.

13. A fuel cell comprising:
a membrane comprising a nanoparticle comprising:
a core comprising a first material arranged in a structurally ordered array, the core comprising a Pt x Co y intermetallic material; and
a shell surrounding the core and comprising a second material different from the first material and further structurally arranged with respect to the structurally ordered array;
wherein the nanoparticle is substantially free of (211) X-ray diffraction peaks.

14. The fuel cell of claim 13 wherein a lattice parameter of the structurally ordered array is no greater than about 0.3915 nanometers.

15. The fuel cell of claim 13 , wherein x and y each range from 1 to 10.

16. The fuel cell of claim 13 , wherein the nanoparticle shell comprises more than one layer.

17. A nanoparticle comprising:
a core comprising a first material arranged in a structurally ordered array, the core comprising a M1 x M2 y intermetallic material, where:
M1 includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ru, Rh, Pd, Os, and Ir, and Pt; and
M2 includes at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu; and

a shell surrounding the core and comprising a second material different from the first material and further structurally ordered with respect to the structurally ordered array;
wherein the nanoparticle is substantially free of (211) X-ray diffraction peaks and comprises a (220) X-ray diffraction peak at about 69-70 degrees.

18. The nanoparticle of claim 17 , wherein one or more experimentally-derived X-ray diffraction peaks for the nanoparticle match X-ray diffraction peaks found in a Powder Diffraction File (PDF) for a pure sample of the first material.

Assignees

• Univ Cornell

Inventors

• Abruña Héctor D
• Disalvo Francis J
• Muller David
• Wang Deli
• Xin Huolin

Classifications

• H01M4/926

  on carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M2008/1095

  Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes · CPC title

• Y02E60/50

  Fuel cells · CPC title

• H01M4/921 Primary

  Alloys or mixtures with metallic elements · CPC title

• H01M4/8657 Primary

  layered · CPC title