Carbon dioxide conversion reactor, series reactor for converting and capturing carbon dioxide including the same, and process of converting and capturing carbon dioxide using the same

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10981111-B2
Application number	US-201615738620-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Jun 24, 2016
Priority date	Jun 24, 2015
Publication date	Apr 20, 2021
Grant date	Apr 20, 2021

Abstract

The present invention relates to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor and more particularly, to a carbon dioxide conversion reactor capable of converting carbon dioxide contained in flue gas into an aqueous bicarbonate solution that may be used in many applications; and at the same time, preventing back pressure from increasing due to supplied flue gas by allowing a conversion process to rapidly proceed, thereby significantly reducing the level of carbon dioxide contained in flue gas with high efficiency and high conversion speed, a series reactor for converting and capturing carbon dioxide including the carbon dioxide conversion reactor, and a process of converting and capturing carbon dioxide using the carbon dioxide conversion reactor.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A carbon dioxide conversion reactor, comprising:
a gas supply part configured to supply gas containing carbon dioxide;
an enzyme reaction part for a reaction of converting the supplied carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions comprising a liquid that is filled in a part of the conversion reactor, and a structure; and
a gas discharge part configured to discharge gas containing unreacted carbon dioxide from the enzyme reaction part to the outside,
wherein the structure comprises a body part on which carbonic anhydrase is disposed as an enzyme, and at least one float to position the body part at an interface between the liquid and the gas inside the conversion reactor,
wherein said carbonic anhydrase is immobilized on fiber support,
said body part comprises multiple planar structures, each comprising a lattice portion, with the planar structures arranged in parallel with one another, and vertically stacked, with the fiber support between the planar structures with the lattice portions, and
lattice openings in the lattice portions of the planar structures arranged to provide flow paths for the liquid and gas containing carbon dioxide to contact immobilized carbonic anhydrase on the fiber support.

2. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 1 , further comprising an aqueous bicarbonate solution discharge part configured to discharge an aqueous bicarbonate solution converted and dissolved in the enzyme reaction part.

3. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonic anhydrase comprises any one or more of wild-type carbonic anhydrase and carbonic anhydrase variants.

4. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the gas supply part and the gas discharge part are disposed above the interface between the liquid and the gas inside the conversion reactor, so that back pressure is prevented from increasing due to flue gas supplied to the conversion reactor.

5. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 1 , wherein the carbonic anhydrase is provided in any one or more of a form of an enzyme aggregate, in which a plurality of carbonic anhydrase enzymes are unbound and aggregated, and a form of a cross-linked enzyme complex, in which a plurality of carbonic anhydrase enzymes are mutually linked.

6. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 5 , wherein the cross-linked enzyme complex further comprises a first support comprising first functional groups on a surface thereof, and a plurality of first carbonic anhydrase enzymes, wherein each of the plurality of first carbonic anhydrase enzymes is directly bound to each of the first functional groups; and
second cross-linked carbonic anhydrase complexes, which are bound to the plurality of first carbonic anhydrase enzymes and formed by cross-linking between adjacent carbonic anhydrase enzymes.

7. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 6 , wherein the cross-linked enzyme complex further comprises second supports comprising second functional groups on a surface thereof, which are bound to any one or more of the plurality of first carbonic anhydrase enzymes and the second cross-linked carbonic anhydrase complexes via the second functional groups.

8. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 2 , further comprising any one or more of an aqueous bicarbonate solution storage part and an aqueous bicarbonate solution utilization part, which are configured to be connected to the aqueous bicarbonate solution discharge part.

9. The carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claim 1 , wherein said fiber support comprises electrospun polymer fibers.

10. A series reactor for converting and capturing carbon dioxide, comprising:
the conversion reactor configured to convert supplied carbon dioxide into bicarbonate ions according to claim 1 ; and
a capture reactor configured to capture supplied carbon dioxide, which is connected to the conversion reactor.

11. The series reactor according to claim 10 , wherein the capture reactor contains a carbon dioxide adsorbent and further comprises a carbon dioxide capture product discharge part configured to discharge capture products containing any one or more of reaction products generated by a binding reaction between the carbon dioxide absorbent and carbon dioxide; and a carbon dioxide desorption device configured to separate and collect carbon dioxide from the discharged capture products, which is connected to the carbon dioxide capture product discharge part.

12. The series reactor according to claim 10 , wherein gas containing carbon dioxide is supplied to the conversion reactor or the capture reactor, in which the carbon dioxide is converted or captured, and then gas containing unreacted carbon dioxide is supplied to the capture reactor or the conversion reactor, in which the unreacted carbon dioxide is captured or converted.

13. A process of converting carbon dioxide, comprising:
(1) a step of supplying gas into the gas supply part of the carbon dioxide conversion reactor according to claims 1 ; and
(2) a step, in which a portion of carbon dioxide contained in the supplied gas is converted into bicarbonate ions, and gas containing unreacted residual carbon dioxide is discharged through a gas discharge part.

14. The process of converting carbon dioxide according to claim 13 , wherein in step (1), to prevent back pressure from increasing due to the gas supplied to the conversion reactor, the gas is supplied from a region above a liquid contained in the conversion reactor, and conversion of carbon dioxide contained in the supplied gas into bicarbonate ions is promoted by carbonic anhydrase provided in the structure positioned at an interface between the liquid and the gas contained the conversion reactor.

Assignees

• Univ Korea Res & Bus Found

Inventors

• Kim Jungbae
• Kim Han Sol
• Hong Sung Gil

Classifications

• C12Y402/01001

  Carbonate dehydratase (4.2.1.1), i.e. carbonic anhydrase · CPC title

• B01D2258/0283

  Flue gases · CPC title

• B01D2255/804

  Enzymatic · CPC title

• B01D53/96

  Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants · CPC title

• C12P3/00

  Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide {(recovery of carbon dioxides as by-products C12F3/02)} · CPC title