Rapid nucleic isolation method and fluid handling devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10975425-B2
Application number	US-201715688765-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 28, 2017
Priority date	Aug 28, 2017
Publication date	Apr 13, 2021
Grant date	Apr 13, 2021

Abstract

A novel assay and a suite of devices may isolate nucleic acids from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and prepare samples for real-time (quantitative) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The assay may employ an aqueous-based non-alcohol approach that yields robust RNA quality. The suite of ready-to-use devices may provide pre-loaded reagents in liquid and lyophilized formats to enable rapid manual operation in a laboratory or remote field environments. The assay and devices may be particularly suitable to analysis in microgravity or deep space environments.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A method of extracting and purifying a biological sample using a sample preparation device configured to be used in a microgravity environment, comprising:
pumping a sample solution comprising a biological sample and a binding buffer into a fully enclosed lysis chamber, the fully enclosed lysis chamber comprising at least one pre-loaded lyophilized reagent, the binding buffer not including a chaotropic salt;
lysing the sample solution in the fully enclosed lysis chamber to break down biological components of the biological sample;
pumping the lysed sample solution from the fully enclosed lysis chamber through a fully enclosed extraction column and into a fully enclosed waste chamber, the fully enclosed extraction column comprising an affinity medium, wherein DNA, RNA or protein binds to the affinity medium in the fully enclosed extraction column;
washing the sample preparation device using at least one wash buffer by pumping the at least one wash buffer into and out of the fully enclosed lysis chamber, through the fully enclosed extraction column, and into the fully enclosed waste chamber, the at least one wash buffer not including alcohol;
performing at least one elution using at least one elution buffer not comprising an alcohol to properly extract DNA, RNA, or a protein from the fully enclosed extraction column; and
collecting the extracted DNA, RNA, or protein in a fully enclosed collection chamber,
wherein the fully enclosed lysis chamber is sealably connected to the fully enclosed extraction column.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fully enclosed lysis chamber applies mechanical energy to perform the lysing.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fully enclosed lysis chamber comprises beads of a lysing particulate material.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the beads comprise a ceramic, a glass, zirconia, zirconia/silica, zirconium silicate, yttria-stabilized zirconia, metal, plastic, nickel, tungsten, tungsten carbide, yttrium stabilized zirconia, sand, or any combination thereof.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the lysing particulate material has a diameter in the range of 10 to 600 microns.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sample solution comprises magnetic particles to facilitate biological material capture.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fully enclosed extraction column comprises a particulate material that has an affinity for nucleic acid.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the particulate material of the fully enclosed extraction column comprises a ceramic, a glass, a zirconia, a silica, a sand, a metal core, or any combination thereof, coated with a material that facilitates binding of nucleic acid.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one wash buffer is a low ionic strength zwitterion-containing buffer comprising at least one zwitterion-containing substance, the zwitterion-containing buffer having a pH between 3 and 6.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the at least one zwitterionic substance has a pKa within a range of 2 to 4.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one wash buffer comprises at least one amino acid, at least one aminosulfonic acid, at least one aminocarboxylic acid, or any combination thereof.

12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one buffer comprises a glycine buffer with a pH of 4.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least one elution buffer has a pH between 8 and 9.5.

14. A method of using a sample preparation device configured to be used in a microgravity environment, comprising:
pumping a sample solution comprising a biological sample and a binding buffer into a fully enclosed lysis chamber, the fully enclosed lysis chamber comprising at least one pre-loaded lyophilized regent, the binding buffer not including a chaotropic salt;
lysing the sample solution in the fully enclosed lysis chamber to break down biological components of the biological sample;
pumping the lysed sample solution from the fully enclosed lysis chamber through a fully enclosed extraction column and into a fully enclosed waste chamber, binding DNA, RNA or protein to matter in the fully enclosed extraction column; and
washing the sample preparation device using at least one wash buffer by pumping the at least one wash buffer into and out of the fully enclosed lysis chamber, through the fully enclosed extraction column, and into the fully enclosed waste chamber, the at least one wash buffer not including alcohol,
wherein the fully enclosed lysis chamber is sealably connected to the fully enclosed extraction column.

15. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:
performing at least one elution using at least one elution buffer to properly extract DNA, RNA, or a protein from the fully enclosed extraction column; and
collecting the extracted DNA, RNA, or protein.

16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the fully enclosed lysis chamber comprises beads of a lysing particulate material, the beads comprising a ceramic, a glass, zirconia, zirconia/silica, zirconium silicate, yttria-stabilized zirconia, metal, plastic, nickel, tungsten, tungsten carbide, yttrium stabilized zirconia, sand, or any combination thereof.

17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the fully enclosed extraction column comprises a particulate material that has an affinity for nucleic acid, the particulate material comprising a ceramic, a glass, a zirconia, a silica, a sand, a metal core, or any combination thereof, coated with a material that facilitates binding of nucleic acid.

18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the at least one wash buffer is a low ionic strength zwitterion-containing buffer comprising at least one zwitterion-containing substance, the zwitterion-containing buffer having a pH between 3 and 6.

19. A method, comprising:
lysing a sample solution in a fully enclosed lysis chamber of a sample preparation device configured to be used in a microgravity environment to break down biological components of a biological sample comprising a binding buffer, the binding buffer not including a chaotropic salt and the fully enclosed lysis chamber comprising at least one pre-loaded lyophilized reagent; and
washing the sample preparation device using at least one wash buffer by pumping the at least one wash buffer into and out of the fully enclosed lysis chamber, through a fully enclosed extraction column, and into a fully enclosed waste chamber the at least one wash buffer not including alcohol, and
purging the fully enclosed extraction chamber with air to remove any residual at least one wash buffer and pumping the residual at least one wash buffer into the fully enclosed waste chamber,
wherein the fully enclosed lysis chamber is sealably connected to the fully enclosed extraction column.

20. The method of claim 19 , further comprising:
performing at least one elution using at least one elution buffer to properly extract DNA, RNA, or a protein from the fully enclosed extraction column; and
collecting the extracted DNA, RNA, or protein.

Assignees

• Nasa

Inventors

• Boone Travis David
• Jung Jimmy Kar Chuen
• Parra Macarena
• Brown Mark

Classifications

• C12Q1/6806 Primary

  Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay (C12Q1/6804 takes precedence) · CPC title

• C12P19/34

  Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides · CPC title

• G01N33/53

  Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor · CPC title

• G05D7/0629

  characterised by the type of regulator means · CPC title

• B01D61/18

  Apparatus therefor · CPC title