Electrochemical energy storage devices

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10971718-B2
Application number	US-201916595056-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Oct 7, 2019
Priority date	May 27, 2014
Publication date	Apr 6, 2021
Grant date	Apr 6, 2021

Abstract

An energy storage device includes a cathodic material in an activated state; and an anodic material in an activated state; wherein: the cathodic material is covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material in the activated state; and the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix is configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material in the activated state.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A energy storage device comprising:
a cathodic material in an activated state; and
an anodic material in an activated state;
wherein:
the energy storage device exhibits an open circuit voltage of about 0.2 V to about 1.4 V;
the cathodic material is covalently attached to, or confined within, a first polymer matrix, the first polymer matrix configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the cathodic material; and
the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene covalently attached to, or confined within, a second polymer matrix, the second polymer matrix configured to prevent or minimize substantial diffusion of the anodic material.

2. The energy storage device of claim 1 that exhibits an open circuit voltage of about 0.6 V to about 0.8 V.

3. The energy storage device of claim 1 further comprising an electrolyte.

4. The energy storage device of claim 3 , wherein the electrolyte comprises a solvent and salt is a metal salt or an ammonium salt.

5. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the cathodic material is a ferrocenium compound or 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene.

6. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the cathodic material is 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene.

7. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the cathodic material, the anodic material, or the cathodic and anodic materials are electrochromic.

8. The energy storage device of claim 1 which is a battery, capacitor, or supercapacitor.

9. The energy storage device of claim 1 , wherein the anodic compound is represented by:

wherein:
E is S or NR 10 ;
R 1 and R 10 are individually an alkyl group interrupted by at least one ammonium group;
R 2 -R 9 are individually H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, OR 11 , SR 11 , NO 2 , alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, amino, or any two adjacent groups of R 2 -R 9 may join to form a monocyclic, polycyclic, or heterocyclic group;
each R 11 is individually H or alkyl; and
R 12 is an alkylene group.

10. The energy storage device of claim 9 , wherein E is NR 10 and R 2 -R 9 are H or OR 11 .

11. The energy storage device of claim 9 , wherein the anodic compound is represented by:

wherein:
each R 13 is individually H or alkyl;
R 14 is an alkyl group interrupted by at least one ammonium group.

12. The energy storage device of claim 11 , wherein R 1 and R 14 are represented by:

R 15 -R 18 are individually H or alkyl;
n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12;
n′ is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12; and
x is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, or 12.

13. The energy storage device of claim 12 , wherein n is 4, x is 2, and n′ is 11.

14. A energy storage device comprising:
a first cell comprising an anodic material in an activated state;
a second cell comprising a cathodic material in an activated state;
a porous separator isolating the first cell from the second cell; and
wherein:
the cathodic material is a ferrocenium compound or 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene; and
the anodic material is a phenazine, a phenothiazine, a triphenodithiazine, a carbazole, a indolocarbazole, a biscarbazole, or a ferrocene.

15. The energy storage device of claim 13 further comprising an electrolyte.

16. The energy storage device of claim 14 , wherein the separator comprises an ion exchange membrane or a size-exclusion membrane.

17. The energy storage device of claim 14 which is a battery, capacitor, or supercapacitor.

18. The energy storage device of claim 14 , wherein the cathodic material, the anodic material, or the cathodic and anodic materials are electrochromic.

Assignees

• Gentex Corp

Inventors

• Theiste David A
• Kloeppner Leroy J
• Franz Sue F
• Giri Punam
• Lin Rongguang

Classifications

• H01M2004/027

  Negative electrodes · CPC title

• H01G9/035

  Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials (H01G11/54 takes precedence) · CPC title

• H01G9/145

  Liquid electrolytic capacitors (H01G11/00 takes precedence) · CPC title

• G02F2001/1518

  Ferrocene compounds · CPC title

• H01M10/0568

  characterised by the solutes · CPC title