Lithium oxygen battery and electrolyte composition

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10957953-B2
Application number	US-201715486957-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Apr 13, 2017
Priority date	Mar 28, 2014
Publication date	Mar 23, 2021
Grant date	Mar 23, 2021

Abstract

A battery employing lithium-oxygen chemistry may include an anode comprising lithium, an electrolyte, and a porous cathode. The electrolyte may include a lithium-containing salt; a partially fluorinated ether, such as 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane; and a co-solvent selected from the group consisting of ethers, amides, nitriles, and combinations thereof. In some examples, the electrolyte does not include a cyclic carbonate ester, a sulfolane, or a sulfolane derivative. The porous cathode allows oxygen to come into contact with the electrolyte.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A battery employing lithium-oxygen chemistry comprising:
an anode comprising lithium;
an electrolyte comprising:
a lithium-containing salt, and
a non-aqueous solvent mixture comprising a fluorinated cyclic ether and at least one non-fluorinated co-solvent selected from the group consisting of ethers, amides, nitriles, and combinations thereof, wherein the non-aqueous solvent mixture does not include a cyclic carbonate ester, a sulfolane, or a sulfolane derivative and the volumetric ratio of the fluorinated cyclic ether to the at least one non-fluorinated co-solvent is between about 30:1 and about 1:1; and

a porous cathode allowing oxygen to come into contact with the electrolyte.

2. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the ethers are linear aliphatic ethers and/or cyclic aliphatic ethers.

3. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-fluorinated co-solvent comprises a first co-solvent and a second co-solvent, wherein the first co-solvent and the second co-solvent are different.

4. The battery of claim 3 , wherein the fluorinated cyclic ether and the first co-solvent constitute greater than 50 vol % of the total non-aqueous solvent mixture and the second co-solvent constitutes the balance of the non-aqueous solvent mixture.

5. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the volumetric ratio of the fluorinated cyclic ether to the at least one non-fluorinated co-solvent is between about 30:1 and about 5:1.

6. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the volumetric ratio of the fluorinated cyclic ether to the at least one non-fluorinated co-solvent is between about 20:1 and about 10:1.

7. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiTFSI, LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , and combinations thereof.

8. The battery of claim 1 , wherein the at least one non-fluorinated co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (monoglyme), diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl acetamide, pivalonitrile, acetonitrile, and combinations thereof.

9. An electrolyte for a battery employing lithium-oxygen chemistry,
the electrolyte comprising:
a lithium-containing salt; and
a solvent mixture comprising 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane and a first co-solvent selected from the group consisting of ethers, amides, nitriles, and combinations thereof, wherein the solvent mixture does not include a cyclic carbonate ester, a sulfolane, or a sulfolane derivative and the volumetric ratio of the 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane to the first co-solvent is between about 30:1 and about 1:1.

10. The electrolyte of claim 9 , wherein the solvent mixture comprises a second co-solvent that is different from the first co-solvent, wherein the 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane and the first co-solvent constitute greater than 50 vol % of the total solvent mixture and the second co-solvent constitutes the balance of the solvent mixture.

11. A battery employing lithium-oxygen chemistry comprising:
an anode comprising lithium;
an electrolyte comprising:
a solvent mixture comprising 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane and a first co-solvent selected from the group consisting of ethers, amides, and nitriles, wherein the volumetric ratio of the 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane to the first co-solvent is between about 30:1 and about 1:1, and
a lithium-containing salt dissolved in the solvent mixture; and

a porous cathode allowing oxygen to come into contact with the electrolyte.

12. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the volumetric ratio of the 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane to the first co-solvent is between about 30:1 and about 5:1.

13. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the volumetric ratio of the 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane to the first co-solvent is between about 20:1 and about 10:1.

14. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the lithium salt is selected from the group consisting of LiPF 6 , LiClO 4 , LiTFSI, LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiN(SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiSO 3 CF 3 , and combinations thereof.

15. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the first co-solvent is selected from the group consisting of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethyl acetamide, pivalonitrile, acetonitrile, and combinations thereof.

16. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the electrolyte consists essentially of the lithium-containing salt; 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane; and the first co-solvent.

17. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the solvent mixture comprises a second co-solvent that is different from the first co-solvent, wherein the 2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxolane and the first co-solvent constitute greater than 50 vol % of the total solvent mixture and the second co-solvent constitutes the balance of the solvent mixture.

18. The battery of claim 11 , wherein the solvent mixture does not include a cyclic carbonate ester, a sulfolane, or a sulfolane derivative.

Assignees

• IBM
• Central Glass Co Ltd

Inventors

• Kang Seok J
• Mccloskey Bryan D
• Mori Takashi
• Narizuka Satoru
• Wallraff Gregory M

Classifications

• H01M2300/0034

  Fluorinated solvents · CPC title

• H01M2300/0037

  Mixture of solvents · CPC title

• H01M12/08 Primary

  composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/382

  Lithium (H01M4/405 takes precedence) · CPC title