High-capacity positive electrode active material

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10957901-B2
Application number	US-201715691396-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Aug 30, 2017
Priority date	Oct 2, 2012
Publication date	Mar 23, 2021
Grant date	Mar 23, 2021

Abstract

This disclosure provides a positive electrode active lithium-excess metal oxide with composition LixMyO2 (0.6≤y≤0.85 and 0≤x+y≤2) for a lithium secondary battery with a high reversible capacity that is insensitive with respect to cation-disorder. The material exhibits a high capacity without the requirement of overcharge during the first cycles.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. An electrode comprising a lithium metal oxide characterized by a general formula Li x M y O 2 wherein 0.6≤y≤0.85, 0≤x+y≤2, and M being one or more of a metallic species chosen from the group consisting of Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Sn and Sb;
wherein said oxide, when characterized by XRD, shows
a. a peak whose intensity I′ is the largest in the range 16-22 degrees 2θ, such as the (003) peak in structures with space group R-3m, and the (001) peak in structures with space group P-3m1, and
b. a peak whose intensity I″ is the largest in the range 42-46 degrees 2θ, such as the (104) peak in structures with space group R-3m, and the (011) peak in structures with space group P-3m1; and

wherein subjecting said oxide to at least one lithium ion extraction-insertion cycle results in a reduction of the ratio of I′/I″ as a result of cation mixing, wherein I′ is essentially zero, so that the ratio of I′/I″≤0.01.

2. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the distribution of cations becomes more random or disordered among cation layers upon subjecting the oxide to at least one lithium ion extraction-insertion cycle.

3. The electrode of claim 1 , which in the absence of oxygen oxidation is characterized by a first charge capacity of at least 150 mAh/g when charging at room temperature at C/20 rate, which is the rate to potentially utilize the full theoretical capacity C max in 20 hours.

4. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the distance between any two neighboring oxygen planes in any lattice direction is less than 2.55 Å upon subjecting the oxide to at least one lithium insertion-extraction cycle.

5. The electrode of claim 1 , wherein the oxide has a substoichiometric amount of lithium.

6. A lithium battery comprising the electrode of claim 1 .

7. A device comprising the lithium battery of claim 6 .

8. The device of claim 7 , wherein the device is a portable electronic device, an automobile, or an energy storage system.

9. A lithium-ion cell comprising the electrode of claim 1 .

Assignees

• Massachusetts Inst Technology

Inventors

• Ceder Gerbrand
• Lee Jinhyuk
• Urban Alexander
• Li Xin
• Kim Sangtae
• Hautier Geoffroy

Classifications

• H01M4/366 Primary

  as layered products · CPC title

• H01M4/625

  Carbon or graphite · CPC title

• H01M4/525

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy · CPC title

• Y02E60/10

  Energy storage using batteries · CPC title

• H01M4/485

  of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence) · CPC title