Pressure-induced battery pack venting with filtering

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10950831-B2
Application number	US-201816189011-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 13, 2018
Priority date	Nov 13, 2018
Publication date	Mar 16, 2021
Grant date	Mar 16, 2021

Abstract

A battery pack is provided which includes an enclosure. The enclosure includes a battery cell compartment and a vent. The battery cell compartment is a sealed compartment, except for the vent, and the vent facilitates pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment. One or more battery cells are disposed within the battery cell compartment, and the battery pack also includes a filter system associated with the enclosure. The filter system filters the pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment resulting from a thermal runaway event at a battery cell of the one or more battery cells within the battery cell compartment of the enclosure.

First claim

What is claimed is:

1. A battery pack comprising:
an enclosure, the enclosure including a battery cell compartment and a vent, the battery cell compartment being a sealed compartment, except for the vent, and the vent facilitating pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment;
one or more battery cells disposed within the battery cell compartment; and
a filter system associated with the enclosure, the filter system filtering pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment resulting from a thermal runaway event at a battery cell of the one or more battery cells within the battery cell compartment, and the filter system including:
a filter material shaped as a plurality of beads which are dispersed throughout the battery cell compartment and fill available space within the battery cell compartment, surrounding the one or more battery cells within the battery cell compartment.

2. The battery pack of claim 1 , wherein the filter material is a filter stage located within the battery cell compartment.

3. The battery pack of claim 2 , wherein the beads are molecular gas sieves for gas produced during the thermal runaway event at the battery cell of the one or more battery cells within the battery cell compartment.

4. The battery pack of claim 3 , wherein the filter material comprises a zeolite material.

5. The battery pack of claim 2 , wherein the vent vents gas from the battery cell compartment through an exhaust chamber of the enclosure, and wherein the filter stage within the battery cell compartment is a first filter stage, and the filter system further includes a second filter stage located within the exhaust chamber.

6. The battery pack of claim 5 , wherein the filter material of the first filter stage is a first filter material, and the second filter stage comprises a second filter material, the first filter material and the second filter material being different gas filter materials.

7. The battery pack of claim 6 , wherein the beads within the battery cell compartment are molecular gas sieves for gas produced during the thermal runaway event at the battery cell.

8. The battery pack of claim 6 , wherein the first filter material comprises a zeolite material, and the second filter material comprises an activated carbon material.

9. The battery pack of claim 1 , wherein the battery pack includes multiple battery cells disposed within the battery cell compartment, the one or more battery cells being one or more battery cells of the multiple battery cells, and wherein the battery pack further comprises a cooling structure disposed, at least in part, within the battery cell compartment, the beads filling available space within the battery cell compartment, including surrounding the cooling structure.

10. The battery pack of claim 9 , wherein the enclosure is formed of a thermally conductive material, and the cooling structure comprises one or more heat pipes disposed within the battery cell compartment and coupled to a thermally conductive wall of the enclosure to facilitate removal of heat from the one or more battery cells to the thermally conductive wall of the enclosure.

11. The battery pack of claim 9 , wherein the cooling structure comprises one or more coolant-carrying tubes within the battery cell compartment connected to facilitate passage of liquid coolant through the battery cell compartment.

12. The battery pack of claim 9 , wherein the cooling structure is in physical contact lengthwise with at least two adjacent battery cells of the multiple battery cells within the battery cell compartment, the multiple battery cells being spaced apart within the battery cell compartment.

13. A battery pack comprising:
an enclosure, the enclosure including a battery cell compartment and a vent, the battery cell compartment being a sealed compartment, except for the vent, and the vent facilitating pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment;
a circuit board;
multiple battery cells mounted spaced apart to the circuit board within the battery cell compartment; and
a filter system associated with the enclosure, the filter system to filter the pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment resulting from a thermal runaway event at a battery cell of the multiple battery cells within the battery cell compartment, the filter system including a filter material configured as molecular gas sieves to filter, at least in part, the gas resulting from the thermal runaway event, the filter material being shaped as a plurality of beads which are dispersed throughout the battery cell compartment and fill available space within the battery cell compartment, surrounding the one or more battery cells within the battery cell compartment.

14. The battery pack of claim 13 , wherein the filter material comprises a zeolite material.

15. The battery pack of claim 13 , wherein the vent vents gas from the battery cell compartment through an exhaust chamber of the enclosure, and the filter system further includes another filter material disposed within the exhaust chamber of the enclosure, the filter material and the another filter material being different gas filter materials.

16. The battery pack of claim 15 , wherein the filter material comprises a zeolite material, and the another filter material comprises an activated carbon material.

17. A method of fabricating a battery pack comprising:
providing an enclosure, the enclosure including a battery cell compartment and a vent, the battery cell compartment being a sealed compartment except for the vent, and the vent facilitating pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment;
providing a circuit board;
mounting multiple battery cells spaced apart to the circuit board within the battery cell compartment; and
associating a filter system with the enclosure, the filter system to filter the pressure-induced venting of gas from the battery cell compartment resulting from a thermal runaway event at a battery cell of the one or more battery cells within the battery cell compartment, and the filter system including a filter material disposed within the battery cell compartment configured as molecular gas sieves to filter, at least in part, the gas resulting from the thermal runaway event at the battery cell, the filter material being shaped as a plurality of beads which are dispersed through the battery cell compartment and fill available space within the battery cell compartment, surrounding the one or more battery cells within the battery cell compartment.

Assignees

• IBM

Inventors

• Singer Noah
• Singh Prabjit
• Torok John G
• Long David C

Classifications

• H01M10/52 Primary

  Removing gases inside the secondary cell, e.g. by absorption (vent plugs or other mechanical arrangements for facilitating escape of gases H01M50/30) · CPC title

• H01M50/213

  adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic (H01M50/209, H01M50/216 take precedence) · CPC title

• H01M10/6563

  with forced flow, e.g. by blowers · CPC title

• H01M50/394

  Gas-pervious parts or elements · CPC title

• H01M2220/10

  Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant · CPC title