Circulating fluidized bed boiler with a loopseal heat exchanger

Patent metadata

Field	Value
Publication number	US-10890323-B2
Application number	US-201616342485-A
Country	US
Kind code	B2
Filing date	Nov 1, 2016
Priority date	Nov 1, 2016
Publication date	Jan 12, 2021
Grant date	Jan 12, 2021

Abstract

A circulating fluidized bed boiler is described, comprising a furnace, a loopseal, and a loopseal heat exchanger arranged in the loopseal. The loopseal heat exchanger comprises walls limiting an interior of the loopseal heat exchanger, a first particle outlet for letting out particulate material from the loopseal heat exchanger, an inlet for receiving bed material, heat exchanger tubes arranged in the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger, and a first ash removal channel configured to let out ash from the loopseal heat exchanger. An ash cooler is configured to receive ash from the first ash removal channel. In the loopseal heat exchanger the first ash removal channel is arranged at a lower level than the first particle outlet.

First claim

The invention claimed is:

1. A circulating fluidized bed boiler, comprising
a furnace,
a cyclone for separating bed material from gases,
a loopseal, and
a loopseal heat exchanger arranged in the loopseal,
the loopseal heat exchanger comprising:
walls limiting an interior of the loopseal heat exchanger,
a first particle outlet for letting out particulate material from the loopseal heat exchanger,
an inlet for receiving bed material from the furnace via the cyclone,
heat exchanger tubes arranged in the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger,
a first ash removal channel configured to let out ash from the loopseal heat exchanger, and
an ash cooler configured to receive ash from the first ash removal channel such that the ash is not conveyed via the furnace from the loopseal heat exchanger to the ash cooler,
wherein:
the first ash removal channel is arranged at a lower level than the first particle outlet,
the walls limit a first compartment comprising the inlet for receiving bed material and a second compartment comprising the heat exchanger tubes,
a first wall of the walls separates the first compartment from the second compartment and limits a first channel for conveying bed material from the first compartment to the second compartment, and
the first ash removal channel is configured to let out ash from either the first compartment or the second compartment.

2. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1 , wherein:
the first ash removal channel is configured to let out ash from the first compartment, and
the loopseal heat exchanger comprises a second ash removal channel configured to let out ash from the second compartment.

3. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 2 , wherein the second ash removal channel is arranged at a lower level than the first particle outlet.

4. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 2 wherein a part of the first wall limits both the first compartment and the second compartment.

5. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 2 , wherein:
the walls of the loopseal heat exchanger limit a third compartment comprising heat exchanger tubes configured to recover heat from bed material within the loopseal heat exchanger, and
a second wall of the walls separates the third compartment from the first compartment and limits a second channel for conveying bed material from the first compartment to the third compartment.

6. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 5 , further comprising a third ash removal channel configured to let out ash from the third compartment.

7. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 6 , wherein the third ash removal channel is arranged at a lower level than the first particle outlet.

8. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 2 , wherein the first compartment comprises heat exchanger tubes.

9. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1 , wherein:
a third wall of the walls separates a bypass chamber from an inlet chamber, the inlet chamber comprising the inlet, the first ash removal channel is configured to let out ash from the bypass chamber, and
the loopseal heat exchanger comprises a second ash removal channel configured to let out ash from another chamber of the loopseal heat exchanger.

10. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1 , wherein:
a third wall of the walls limits an inlet chamber and a bypass chamber, the inlet chamber comprising the inlet for receiving bed material,
the third wall limits a third channel for conveying bed material from the inlet chamber to the bypass chamber, and
a fourth wall of the walls limits the bypass chamber and a second particle outlet for letting out particulate material from the loopseal heat exchanger.

11. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1 , further comprising nozzles configured to fluidize bed material within the loopseal heat exchanger by fluidizing gas.

12. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 11 , wherein at least a first nozzle of the nozzles is configured to drive ash mainly towards the first ash removal channel by a flow of the fluidizing gas.

13. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 11 , wherein:
a first set of the nozzles are configured to fluidize bed material within a first compartment,
a second set of the nozzles are configured to fluidize bed material within a second compartment, and
the circulating fluidized bed boiler further comprises a control unit configured to control the flow of air through the first set of nozzles and to control the flow of air through the second set of nozzles independently of the flow of air through the first set of nozzles.

14. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 11 , wherein:
a primary set of the nozzles are configured to fluidize bed material within a bypass chamber,
a secondary set of the nozzles are configured to fluidize bed material outside of the bypass chamber, and
the circulating fluidized bed boiler further comprises a control unit configured to control the flow of air through the primary set of nozzles and to control the flow of air through the secondary set of nozzles independently of the flow of air through the primary set of nozzles.

15. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of the claim 1 , wherein an upper edge of the first ash removal channel is arranged at least one meter lower than a lower edge of the first particle outlet.

16. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1 , wherein:
at least some of the walls of the loopseal heat exchanger are vertical walls.
the walls of the loopseal exchanger limit a first flow path along which bed material is configured to flow, in use, from the inlet to heat exchanger tubes arranged in the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger, and
only at most one such a vertical wall that protrudes to the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger is arranged on top of the first flow path or below the first flow path.

17. The circulating fluidized bed boiler of claim 1 , wherein:
at least some of the walls of the loopseal heat exchanger are vertical walls,
the walls of the loopseal exchanger limit a second flow path along which bed material is configured to flow, in use, from the heat exchanger tubes arranged in the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger to the first particle outlet, and
no such a vertical wall that protrudes to the interior of the loopseal heat exchanger is arranged on top of the second flow path or below the second flow path.

Assignees

• Valmet Technologies Oy

Inventors

• Lehtonen Pekka

Classifications

• F22B37/10

  Water tubes; Accessories therefor · CPC title

• F23C2206/10

  Circulating fluidised bed · CPC title

• F23C10/04

  the particles being circulated to a section, e.g. a heat-exchange section or a return duct, at least partially shielded from the combustion zone, before being reintroduced into the combustion zone · CPC title

• F22B31/00

  Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements or dispositions of combustion apparatus · CPC title

• F23C10/06

  the circulating movement being promoted by inducing differing degrees of fluidisation in different parts of the bed · CPC title